Third Exam Flashcards
Countries of Western Europe primarily located on the European Lowland
Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Belgium, and France
What is the Iron Curtain?
symbolic separation between East and West during Cold War
Who is Charlemagne and what is his importance?
King of the Franks, founded the Holy Roman Empire, stimulated European economic and political life, promoted education
European countries that were members of the now defunct Warsaw Pact alliance
Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania
Location of the Hanseatic League
Northwest and central Europe along the North and Baltic Seas
How does Europe compare in size (area) to the U.S.?
2/3 the size of the U.S.
What are the characteristics of the European Lowland?
Densest population
Best agriculture
Large cities
Major industrial regions
Low lying terrain
Navigable rivers
Where is the Jewish Pale?
east Poland and further east into Russia
Approximate population of Europe
546 million
Examples of countries that are experiencing irredentism in Europe
Irredentism - support of similar people in one country to be part of another
Moldova & Romania, Albania & Kosovo, Russia & east Ukraine
What was the purpose of the Schengen Agreement in the European Union?
creates a system where citizens of certain European countries do not have to show passports to cross borders
What are the four seas that encircle Europe?
Baltic, North, Mediterranean, and Black Seas
Countries of the former Yugoslavia
Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and Kosovo
Country of Europe with the largest population
Germany
Many guest workers (and their descendants) in Germany are from which country?
Turkey
Where do most immigrants to the UK come from?
Hong Kong, India, Pakistan, Africa, and Middle East
Protestant reformation and war
Began with split of Catholic Church’s teachings
War between Catholics and Protestants for 30 years
More than 8 million people died
The greatest economic power of Europe
Germany
What are the three historical eras represented in European city landscapes?
Medieval, Renaissance-Baroque, and Industrial
In what year was the re-conquest of Spain completed and what things occurred that same year?
1492 during the Jewish Diaspora
Supranationalism
3 or more countries joining together, giving up sovereignty for a common purpose
Location of Protestantism in Europe
Northern Europe
What is balkanization (devolution)?
breakup of a state into smaller hostile units
Why is development in Siberia limited?
thousands of miles, cold climate, little precipitation
Western Siberia contains largest wetland area
Can’t build buildings because the land is covered with ice
What is the significance of Lake Baikal?
world’s largest in volume freshwater lake - 400 miles long, nearly a mile deep
What makes Russia distinctive as compared to other countries?
largest land area of any country on Earth
Perestroika
economic restructuring
Caucus region
region between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea
What natural feature marks the divide between European Russia and Asian Russia?
Ural Mountains
Location of the Caucasus Mountains
Russia’s southern boundary between the Black and Caspian Sea
Primary climate in the Russian Domain and what are the characteristics?
Largely high latitude continental climate (D)
Temperature extremes
Short growing seasons
Approximate population of the Russian Domain?
200+ million
Who were the Bolsheviks?
Faction of Russian Communists representing the interest of the industrial workers
Led by Lenin, centralized power and introduced communism
“Reds”
Catherine the Great of Russia
German wife of Peter II
Became Tsar 1762-1796 - Sofi Frederika Augusta
Expanded Russia to the south in areas that were occupied by the Turks
Expansion eastward; westward expansion slow (Cossacks - superb horsemen)
Glasnost
greater openness
Where do most of the people in the Russian Domain live?
in the western portion where food is produced
What impact will global climate change have on agriculture in Russia?
60-90 miles northwardly shift of farmable land for every centigrade of temperature increase
May improve agriculture
What was the purpose of Russification?
Move Russians into non-Russian portions of USSR to increase Russian dominance in those areas
What is social realism in Russia?
a painting style devoted to the realistic depiction of workers harnessing the forces of nature of struggling against capitalism
What is the one element that helps us to understand geographics of climate, vegetation, and agriculture in the Russian Domain?
the northern latitudinal position; it impacts where they can grow food and how much they can grow; shows how north they are in the world
Who is VI Lenin?
Established Soviet Union in 1924 after the Bolsheviks win the revolution
By the early 1900s, high-culture citizens of Russia imitated another country by speaking which language?
French
Moscow
Large metropolitan area in Russia, origin of the Russian empire
Originally small municipality where Russia begins
Russian policy regarding religion during Soviet era and after the Soviet era
During Soviet era, religion was prohibited
Now religious revival is underway; Eastern Orthodox Christianity is most common
St. Petersburg
Capital of Russia until 1917 (after Soviet Union is established)
Was a new city with buildings designed in more European style
In what city did Ivan the Terrible defeat the Mongols in 1552?
Kazan
Cossacks
superb military horsemen
important to Russian expansion eastward
Who were the original founders of Russia?
Southward moving Vikings from Sweden
Why is the environment in Central Asia relatively clean?
low population density and low economic development
The primary reason for the shrinking of the Aral Sea
use of water from rivers feeding the sea for irrigation, part of Soviet program in 1950s for cotton farming
The earliest recorded languages of Central Asia belong to what linguistic family?
Indo-European
In what area of Central Asia have 3,600 year-old mummies been found?
Xinjiang
In what country of Central Asia are apple forests (the original source of apples) located?
Kazakhstan
Where is oil pollution worst in Central Asia?
Caspian Sea
What development led to the emergence of nomadic pastoralism in Central Asia?
domestication of the horse
What resource in Central Asia that is of potentially great importance to economic development?
oil
Which city of Central Asia is largely a Soviet creation?
Toshkent, Uzbekistan
Which country of Central Asia was NOT previously a republic of the former USSR?
Afghanistan
Why are the Caspian Sea and Aral Sea not true seas?
they are considered lakes because there is no outlet to an ocean
In the Tarim Basin, where do most people live?
foothills of the mountains along the basin edge, where they get their water
Impacts of climate change on Central Asia
Temperature increases are and will result in glaciers in the mountains in the Tibetan Plateau to melt and eventually reduce water in rivers serving arid areas
Precipitation will also be reduced in arid regions
Which areas in Central Asia are under Chinese control?
Tibet and Xinjiang
The most densely populated region of Central Asia
lowlands of Azerbaijan
In Central Asia just before the 1700s, what military developments allowed the sedentary agricultural states to conquer the horse mounted nomads?
gunpowder and effective hand weapons
Location of the most grass land steppe environments in Central Asia
the north of Kazakhstan
Religion of the Uyghur people of Western China
Islamic
Russia has worked to maintain economic ties to former Soviet republics by creating counterbalance to the European Union called?
Eurasian Economic Union
