Third Crusade Flashcards
1
Q
Why was the Third crusade called?
A
- Fall of Jerusalem
- Audita tremendi 1187
- Protection of fellow Christians
2
Q
The role of Frederick I Barbarossa
A
- Most powerful ruler to crusade and his influence was immense
- Been on the Second Crusade
- Army of 15,000 men, 3,000 mounted knights
- Ensured easy passage through Byzantine
- Drowned crossing a river 1190.
- Army that didnt return home was wiped out by disease
3
Q
The role of Richard I
A
- Truce with Phillip agreed before leaving to crusade
- Highly experienced
- Able to raise money to have army of 6,000 men
- Took the sea route, hiring 100 ships
4
Q
The role of Philip II
A
- Less enthusiastic about the crusade, would only go if all his enemies went
- Authorised collection of tax, those who crusaded exempt from paying
- Combined forces of aroud 17,000 with Richard
5
Q
Events of the siege of Acre?
A
- Guy besieged Acre in 1189 to prove credentials
- Acre was well defended and Saladins forces were close by
- Philip helped with the siege, habbing brought siege engines with him
- Saladin unable to stop supplies arriving by sea
- Richards arrival boosted morale, having brought more siege enngines
- Saladins army smaller
- Acre fell in July 1191
6
Q
Why did Philip II leave?
A
- Never recovered from illness
- Unstable situation in France
- Worried about health of his son
- Chance to gain advanatge in rivalry with Angevins
7
Q
The Battle of Arsuf
A
- Saladin and Richard met at Arsuf in 1191
- Battle was won by a calvary charge that broke Muslim resolve
- Charge led by two Hospitallier knights
- Showed that Salading could be defeated, boosting Crusader morale and gave hope for Jerusalem
8
Q
Failure to take Jerusalem
A
- September 1192, Richard signed 3 year truce with Saladin
- Richard unable to persuade crusaders to follow is plan
- If Jerusalem was caputred it would be close to impossobek to maintain it
- Military Orders uninterested in Jerusalem
- Reduced number of troops available
9
Q
How did the Third Crusade end?
A
- Saladin attaked Jaffa, but Richard retook it, maintaining crusader control of the coast.
- Saladin driven away from Ascalon by Richards army.
- Christian and Muslim armies reached a stalemate.
- Treaty of Jaffa signed, Christians keep coastline, Ascalon handed over to Muslims, and Christian pilgriages allowed to Jerusalem.
