Second Crusade

Question 1

Why was Bernard of Clairvaux important?

Answer 1

• Trusted by the Pope to carry out preaching of the first crusade.
• Encouraged crusaders.
• Prevented similar events to the People crusade.
• Second crusade larger then the first.

Question 2

The role of Louis VII?

Answer 2

• Very religious and spiritual, married to Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the highest ranked women to crusade.
• Louis appointed people to rule whilst he was away.

Question 3

Role of Conrad III?

Answer 3

• Only European ruler to campaign twice.
• Bernard made sure Conrad was able to crusade, influence from monarchs would’ve been important in gaining support.

Question 4

Events at Antioch 1148?

Answer 4

• Desicion made to abandon Edessa and move on.
• Raymond of Antioch had gotten involved, and had no interest in Edessa, and Louis’ army had been weakened by the Turks in the mountains.

Question 5

Why was Damascus chosen as the next target?

Answer 5

• It was a major Muslim power near Jerusalem.
• Many orchards and grain fields, with a strong river.
• Known for its weavers and Damascene steel.

Question 6

What happened at the siege of Damascus?

Answer 6

• The crusaders took up advantageous position on western walls, covered by orchards and gardens.
• They moved their camp to eastern walls, which was poorly supplied by water and the walls were too strong. It was a huge fail.

Question 7

Reasons for failure of the Second Crusade?

Answer 7

• Lack of clear aim after Edessa was abandoned.
• Divisions within the army.
• Influence of Raymond of Antioch.
• Muslim rivalries had been overcome.

Question 8

What influence did this crusade have?

Answer 8

• Reflected badly on the Kings and Bernard
• Turned many in the West against crusading
• Trust between the West and the Byzantine broke down
• Further united Muslim forces under concept oh Jihad