Thinking and Creativity

Question 1

Prototypes

Answer 1

What we think is the most typical example of a particular concept

Question 2

Algorithm

Answer 2

A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula or other foolproof method

Question 3

Heuristic

Answer 3

A rule of thumb; a strategy we can use to make a quick but not necessarily accurate judgement in a situation

Question 4

Availability heuristic

Answer 4

Judging a situation based on examples of
similar situations that come to mind initially.
This heuristic might lead to incorrect conclusions due to variability in personal experience

Question 5

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 5

Judging a situation based on how similar the
aspects are to prototypes the person holds in his or her mind

Question 6

Gambler’s gallacy

Answer 6

Occurs when we believe that a certain event or outcome is more or less likely to occur because of how often it has recently occured

Question 7

Sunk-cost fallacy

Answer 7

When we are unwilling to change a course of action because we spent a lot of effort and time trying to make that solution work, even when it becomes clear that the course of action is unlikely to solve the problem

Question 8

Mental set

Answer 8

Or rigidity, refers to the tendency to fall into established thought patterns

Question 9

Functional fixedness

Answer 9

The inability to see a new use for an object

Question 10

Framing

Answer 10

The idea that the same information can be presented in different ways and the method of presentation can drastically change the way we view a problem or an issue

Question 11

Creativity

Answer 11

Defined by originality and novelty and if it somehow fits the situation

Question 12

Convergent thinking

Answer 12

Thinking pointed toward one solution

Question 13

Divergent thinking

Answer 13

Thinking that searches for multiple possible answers to a question