Thinking Flashcards
Central Route
Persuaded by logical reasoning, facts, etc.
Peripheral Route
Persuaded by arbitrary or superficial cues
Cognition
Mental activity associated with processing, understanding, and communicating information
Structural Processing and what type of processing?
Shallow/Perceptual Processing: What does the word look like? Caps/lower case
Phomenic Processing what type of processing?
Shallow/Perceptual Processing: How it sounds? rhymes with?
Graphemnic Processing what type of processing?
Shallow/Perceptual Processing: Letters of the word
Deep/Semantic Processing
Relating to something else. Thinking of the meaning. Placing importance of it. Describes. Easier to access “cat” after “dog” because they share the same category(animal)
What is Framing
Framing is when people react differently on whether it is presented as positive or negative.
What is Algorithim
Algorithm is a defined set of step-by-procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem.
What is Heuristics
Heuristics is basically shortcuts but can lead to errors in judgment.
What is Availability Heuristic
Whatever comes easiest, easily recalled. When asked who kills most, sharks or hippo, most easily recalled will be sharks.
What is Representative Heuristic?
Best representation–>use concepts–>mental grouping of similar objects, events or people(decide whether an object belongs to a class: comparing to a existing prototype that already exists in our minds. See somebody dressed in a suit and a lawyer, he/she is a lawyer
Convergent
Thinking inside the box
Divergent
Thinking outside the box
Deduction(Skinner)
From generalization to specifics: Theory, Hypothesis, Observation, Confirmation
Induction(Pavolv)
From specifics to generalization. Observation–>Pattern—>Tentative Hypothesis–>Theory
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to only focus on that which confirms your opinions
Belief Perserverance
Even when proven wrong, your beliefs perservere
Mental Set
Brain’s tendency to stick with the most familiar solution to a problem, and stubbornly ignore alternatives
Perceptual Set
A readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular manner, based on past experience, context, motivation, or suggestions
Functional Fixedness
A cognitive bias that involves a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way(can stand on desks, but desks(function): for sitting
Gamber’s Fallacy
Belief that one event will affect the outcome of a future event, when in reality the two events are independent(Ex: Flipping head 5 times a row, next time will be tails but ends not being tails)
