Thinking

Question 1

Central Route

Answer 1

Persuaded by logical reasoning, facts, etc.

Question 2

Peripheral Route

Answer 2

Persuaded by arbitrary or superficial cues

Question 3

Cognition

Answer 3

Mental activity associated with processing, understanding, and communicating information

Question 4

Structural Processing and what type of processing?

Answer 4

Shallow/Perceptual Processing: What does the word look like? Caps/lower case

Question 5

Phomenic Processing what type of processing?

Answer 5

Shallow/Perceptual Processing: How it sounds? rhymes with?

Question 6

Graphemnic Processing what type of processing?

Answer 6

Shallow/Perceptual Processing: Letters of the word

Question 7

Deep/Semantic Processing

Answer 7

Relating to something else. Thinking of the meaning. Placing importance of it. Describes. Easier to access “cat” after “dog” because they share the same category(animal)

Question 8

What is Framing

Answer 8

Framing is when people react differently on whether it is presented as positive or negative.

Question 9

What is Algorithim

Answer 9

Algorithm is a defined set of step-by-procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem.

Question 10

What is Heuristics

Answer 10

Heuristics is basically shortcuts but can lead to errors in judgment.

Question 11

What is Availability Heuristic

Answer 11

Whatever comes easiest, easily recalled. When asked who kills most, sharks or hippo, most easily recalled will be sharks.

Question 12

What is Representative Heuristic?

Answer 12

Best representation–>use concepts–>mental grouping of similar objects, events or people(decide whether an object belongs to a class: comparing to a existing prototype that already exists in our minds. See somebody dressed in a suit and a lawyer, he/she is a lawyer

Question 13

Convergent

Answer 13

Thinking inside the box

Question 14

Divergent

Answer 14

Thinking outside the box

Question 15

Deduction(Skinner)

Answer 15

From generalization to specifics: Theory, Hypothesis, Observation, Confirmation

Question 16

Induction(Pavolv)

Answer 16

From specifics to generalization. Observation–>Pattern—>Tentative Hypothesis–>Theory

Question 17

Confirmation Bias

Answer 17

Tendency to only focus on that which confirms your opinions

Question 18

Belief Perserverance

Answer 18

Even when proven wrong, your beliefs perservere

Question 19

Mental Set

Answer 19

Brain’s tendency to stick with the most familiar solution to a problem, and stubbornly ignore alternatives

Question 20

Perceptual Set

Answer 20

A readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular manner, based on past experience, context, motivation, or suggestions

Question 21

Functional Fixedness

Answer 21

A cognitive bias that involves a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way(can stand on desks, but desks(function): for sitting

Question 22

Gamber’s Fallacy

Answer 22

Belief that one event will affect the outcome of a future event, when in reality the two events are independent(Ex: Flipping head 5 times a row, next time will be tails but ends not being tails)