Lanuage Flashcards
Phoneme
Smallest unit of language(S, T, M) Ex: ch, sa, a, e, o
Morpheme
Smallest unit that bears some meaning(Da da)
Grammar
A set of rules that enables us to communicate and understand
Syntax
Rules for arranging words into sensible sentences
Semantics
Rules that derive meaning: relationship between words and how different people can draw different meanings from those words): crash can mean accident, and a drop in the stock market
Pragmatics
Using language in social situations, what is appropriate, friends, teachers, children, etc. communication rules, etc.
DEEP VS SURFACE structure
Deep is meaning, surface is structure: order of words
Language Acquisition(Baby Talk) what time most critical period?
Critical period: most apt to obtain and learn is age 2-7
Language Development(Receptive Language)
Listening, reading, comprehend spoken/written language, if teacher tells you to read a book, you comprehend what she said with receptive expressive language. Location: Wernicke’s area(left upper part of temporal lobe)
Language Development(Productive Language or known as Expressive Language)
Talking, writing, body language, produce new language
Stages of Development: what age is Babbling and what happens during Babbling
4-12 months, and uttering phonemes
Stages of Development: what age is one word Holophrastic Speech. What concept do they learn
1-2yr, One word concepts(Ex: mama, dada, ball, juice, etc.)
Stages of Development: what age do they learn Two-Word/Telegraphic and what is
2yrs. Descriptive adjective to correspond with the concept(Ex: kitty tired, I hungry)
Stages of Development: Overgeneralization
Applicaiton of grammar rules–>daddy buyed me a present
Stages of Development: what age do they learn Complex Language and what is Complex Language
(6-10)-Use of sentences and honing of grammar
Who founded Operant Conditioning and the details
Skinner, imitaiton/reinforcement
What is Inborn Universal Grammar(Nativist Theory) and who founded it
Noam Chomsky: basic language abilities are inborn, Language Acquisition Device, between ages of 5-puberty language acquisition becomes more difficult but easier than adulthood
Problems with Nativist Theory
Language is learned from environment and is not innate
Problems with Operant Conditioning
Language is CREATIVE
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Language is representative of society, people can have different words or differen societies. For example, in a place where there’s more snow there’s more names for snow than in Texas and it’s just “snow”
