THINKING

Question 1

Don solves puzzles and problems with ease. He probably uses all the following EXCEPT:

Answer 1

Hypnosis

(Algorithms, Heuristics and Analogies are included)

Question 2

If you are given a physics problem, What might aid your understanding of the problem?

Answer 2

-Your mental representations of the parts of the problem relate to one another in a meaningful way.

-The mentally represented parts of the problem correspond to the elements of the problems in reality.

-Having taken courses in physics that provide the background knowledge for solving the problem.

ALL OF THESE :)

Question 3

Novel problems are often perplexing because it is difficult to

Answer 3

Tell which information is relevant to the solution

Question 4

A problem-solving technique that involvesvA specific procedure for the particular type of the problem called

Answer 4

An algorithm

(Note:
ALGORITHM- has specific steps to take in order to come to a conclusion. This could include Math Formula)

Question 5

An_________problem requires reorganization of a group of letters to form words.

Answer 5

Anagram

(Note:
ANAGRAM Problem-requires reorganization of group of letters to form words)

Question 6

Albert lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the card about 3 hours later. Albert traced his steps, going to all of the places he visitedcafter he initially locked the car. He use ______.

Answer 6

Algorithm

(Note:
ALGORITHM-has specific steps to take in order to come to a conclusion. This could include Math Formula)

Question 7

You can’t remember the last number in your best friend’s Telephone number. You need to reach him/her, so you decided to keep trying different numbers until you find the right one. What is this method called?

Answer 7

Systematic Random Search

(Note:

Ex. Involve undergoing multiple diagnostic tests at random to find any symptoms)

Question 8

When her car would not start, Joan began to solve the problem by turning on the headlights to see whether the battery was dead. Her approach is an example of

Answer 8

Algorithm

(Note:
ALGORITHM-has specific steps to take in order to come to a conclusion. This could include Math Formula)

Question 9

John, A computer hacker, setup a program to crack the five-digit password to his computer that he had somehow forgotten. John used a(n)______algorithm to reveal the password.

Answer 9

Systematic Random SearchSearch

(Note:

Ex. Involve undergoing multiple diagnostic tests at random to find any symptoms)

Question 10

Algorithms are usually time-consuming whereas_______provide a more rapid solution, when they work.

Answer 10

HEURISTICS

(NOTE:
HEURISTICS- Collections of mental shortcuts
Also;
practical rules of thumb that manifest as mental shortcuts of judgement and decision-making;

Cognitive strategies often referred to as mental shortcuts.

Question 11

After setting a five-year goal for their company, a group of managers look a where the company is today andthe steps needed to achieve the end goal. They are using a technique called

Answer 11

Means-ends Analysis

(Note:

Usually works backward from the end goal.
Also;
It begins by envisioning the end or ultimate goal and then determines the best strategy for attaining the goal in a current situation.

Question 12

Rule of thumb that help simplify and solve problems are called

Answer 12

Heuristics (or heuristc devices)

(NOTE:
HEURISTICS- Collections of mental shortcuts
Also;
practical rules of thumb that manifest as mental shortcuts of judgement and decision-making)

Question 13

“Look before you leap” may be used as a(n) ______to avoid danger.

Answer 13

HEURISTICS

(NOTE:
HEURISTICS- Collections of mental shortcuts
Also;
practical rules of thumb that manifest as mental shortcuts of judgement and decision-making;

Question 14

What is the disadvantage of heuristic devices when compared with algorithms in problem solving?

Answer 14

correct solutions may not be revealed

Question 15

In problem solving with heuristic devices, what is the discrepancy between pur current situationvand our goals bridged by?

Answer 15

means-ends analysis

(Note:
Usually works backward from the end goal.
Also;
It begins by envisioning the end or ultimate goal and then determines the best strategy for attaining the goal in a current situation.)

Question 16

When Francine formulated her new year’s resolutions for her health, finances and relationship, she probably used ___________ to formulate her goals and subgoals for each resolution.

Answer 16

Means-ends Analysis

(Note:
Usually works backward from the end goal.
Also;
It begins by envisioning the end or ultimate goal and then determines the best strategy for attaining the goal in a current situation.)

Question 17

When we apply the solution of an earlier to a new but similar problem. We are using an ___________.

Answer 17

Analogy

(Note:
ANALOGY: Using a solution that solves a similar problem.)

Question 18

Gene described his symptoms to Dr. Ashley, Who told him that his illness was just a case of the flu virus that had been infecting many of her patientsm Dr. Ashley probably used _______ to come to the diagnosis.

Answer 18

(Note:
ANALOGY: Using a solution that solves a similar problem.
HEURISTICS: Mental shortcuts; rule of thumb)
**
analogy heuristic isa cognitive shortcut used in problem-solving or decision-making. When using this heuristic, people try to identify a past event that is analogous to a current situation and used the solution that worked them in the past.

Question 19

If Matt tells you, “I had prettyuch the same problem with the exhaust system of my car. You need to go to the auto supply shop and buy an expensive patch kit for the exhaust pipe.” Matt’s suggestion is an example of

Answer 19

Analogy heuristic

(Note:
ANALOGY: Using a solution that solves a similar problem.
HEURISTICS: Mental shortcuts; rule of thumb)
**
analogy heuristic is a cognitive shortcut used in problem-solving or decision-making. When using this heuristic, people try to identify a past event that is analogous to a current situation and used the solution that worked them in the past.

Question 20

If A basis its current policy toward Country B or the Country B’s past behavior, Country A is using

Answer 20

Analogy

(Note:
ANALOGY: Using a solution that solves a similar problem.

Question 21

Mental activity involved in processing, understanding, and making judgements and decisions about the information is called

Answer 21

Thinking

Question 22

A novice problem solver is likely to try to handle one aspect of the problem one at a time. This is called ________ processing.

Answer 22

Serial

(Note:
Serial processing meansstrictly sequential, without overlap of the successive processing times on objects or distinct subsystems.)

Question 23

Consider the problem: “ A farmer had 15 sheep. All but 7 died. How many sheep did he have left?” Megan, the math major, arrived at the wrong answer; She said 8. Her response was probably based upon

Answer 23

A mental set

(Note:
MENTAL SET generally refers tothe brain’s tendency to stick with the most familiar solution to a problem and stubbornly ignore alternatives. )

Question 24

For a communication System to involve in the use of the true language, the following must be demonstrated:
Semanticity
Infinite creativity
Displacement

Answer 24

ALL OF THESE

(Note:
Semanticity means that the symbols used in a language have to have meanings.

Infinite creativity or productivity means that a language has to allow its user to generate an infinite number of utterances.

Displacement means that a language has to allow its user to talk about things that are abstract.