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PSYCH FINALS > MOTIVATIONS PSYCH > Flashcards

MOTIVATIONS PSYCH Flashcards

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1
Q

Motives activate behavior and propel the organism_________.

A

toward goals

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2
Q

The study of Motivation is an attempt to understand_______a behavior occurs.

A

why

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3
Q

Psychologists define a hypothetical states that activate behavior and propel one toward goals are

A

Motives

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4
Q

Why motives described as hypothetical states?

A

They cannot be seen or measured directly.

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5
Q

The study of motivation is complex because it cannot be directly observed, only _________________.

A

inferred from behavior.

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6
Q

Motives can take the form of

A

Needs, Drives, and Incentives

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7
Q

Which of the following are examples of psychological needs?
-Oxygen, food, and water
-waste elimination and proper temperature.

A

Both

-Oxygen, food, and water
-waste elimination and proper temperature.

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8
Q

Motives are believed to give rise to

A

Behavior

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9
Q

Needs can be described as

A

physiological and psychological

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10
Q

Psychological needs must be meet in order to ________.

A

In order to survive.

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11
Q

An animal has requirements to ear and drink . A species must produce. Behavior is organized to maintain the proper temperature. What are those example of?

A

Physiological needs

(Note:

physiological needs- needs of the body
psychological needs- needs of the mind.

physiological needs-These are the essentials people need for physical survival. Examples includeair, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sleep, and health. If you fail to meet these needs, your body cannot function properly.

psychological needs-autonomy, competence, relatedness, physical thriving, security, self-esteem, self-actualization, pleasure-stimulation, money-luxury, and popularity-influence

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12
Q

Physiological needs are generally based upon ____________.

A

Learning experiences

physiological needs-These are the essentials people need for physical survival. Examples includeair, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sleep, and health. If you fail to meet these needs, your body cannot function properly.

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13
Q

One child takes great pride in academic accomplishments. Another child takes great pride in pleasing her parents. These are examples of the influence of ________ on Psychological needs.

A

Learning

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14
Q

NEEDS give rise to

A

Drives

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15
Q

Hunger is to ______ as food deprivationis to ________.

A

Drive; need

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16
Q

A need for approval may cause an individual to

A

seek to please others.

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17
Q

Good grades serve as a(n)______ for studying.

A

Incentive

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18
Q

___________will lead to higher or greater levels of drive.

A

Deprivation

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19
Q

A high need for the achievement would drive a person to

A

work hard

20
Q

A(n) ______ is an object, peson, or situation that is perceived as being capable of satisfying a need or as desirable for its own sake.

A

incentive

21
Q

Lower car insurance rates serve as a(n)________ for good driving

A

incentive

22
Q

What is instinctual behavior indicative of?
-Species-specific responses
-unlearned responses
-Genetically transmitted behavior

A

All of these

23
Q

The evolutionary perspective describes behaviors that

A

come naturally to a species.

24
Q

The observation that birds reared in isolation from other birds have the capacity to build nests without observation or learning experience provides evidence for the

A

Evolutionary Perspective

25
Q

William McDougall (1908) compiled a list of 12 human_________that included hunger, sex, and self-assertion.

A

instincts

26
Q

Research regarding human instincts agrees with all of the followng EXCEPT

A

there are 12 human instincts.

(The rest of them are included:
-the question regarding human instincts remains unresolved

-Human behavior is biologically influenced but controlled

-There is too much complexity in human behavior to reach agreement on this issue)

27
Q

According to William James, Humans have instincts that foster

A

survival and social behavior

28
Q

The individual responsible for describing the drive-reduction theory was

A

Clark Hull

29
Q

According to Hull, the motivation to avoid touching a hot iron is a(n)_________.

A

Primary drive

(Note:
Primary drives areinnate biological needs such as being hungry or thirsty.
Secondary drives are those learned through conditioning or association with a primary drive, such as money and social acceptance.)

30
Q

________theories suggest the needs to create a state of tension and returns the organism to a calm, restive state.

A

Drive-reduction

31
Q

According to drive-reduction theory,_______ trigger arousal and activate the behavior to reduce the tension.

A

Drives

32
Q

Feeding behavior is a(n)_____ to a primary drive.

A

Response

33
Q

Pain avoidance is a response to

A

A Primary drive

34
Q

The tendency toward homeostasis or a steady state would cause

A

A tired person sleep

35
Q

The observation-that we enjoy stimulating activities such as driving in fast cars or riding roller coasters is inconsistent with ________ theory.

A

Humanistic( theory)

36
Q

According to stimulus motives if a person is bored, the person will be motivated to

A

seek stimulation

37
Q

A group of research participants are placed alone in quiet cubicles where their arms are bandaged and they hear nothing but the sound of dull, continuous Hum. This method is used o stufy the effects of

A

Sensory deprivation

38
Q

Which of the following is a stimulus motive

A

exploration

(Stimulus motives:express ourneedsfor stimulation and information. For example, activity, curiosity, exploration, throwing parties, surf the net, reading, hanging out with friends, emailing each other.)

39
Q

According to Maslow’s_______ theory, humans are motivated by drives gor personal growth.

A

Humanistic (theory)

40
Q

According to humanistic theory, people are separated from lower animals by pur capacity for_________.

A

self-actualization

(Note:
According to Maslow, self-actualization iswhen a person can do what they feel they are “meant” to do and be who they are “meant” to be. The need for self-actualization is present in all of us, but can only be met once all of the lower needs are sufficiently satisfied.)

41
Q

A homeless individual motivated to seek shelter at a church to escape the rain is satisfying__________ of Maslow’s Heirarchy.

A

Physiological and safety needs.

(Note:
Physiological (primarily associated with physiological drives such as eating, drinking, breathing, etc.) Safety (refers to the need for security and protection such as financial security, job security, health and wellbeing, etc.)

42
Q

As honor student who joins the scholastics club looking for friendship is mostly satisfying the __________of maslow’s heirarch.

A

Love and belonging needs.

43
Q

According to Maslow, needs are organized in a ________with physiological needs and self-actualization needs at the extremes.

A

Heirarchy

44
Q

If the ventromedial nucleus (vmn) of a rat’s brain is destroyed, the rat

A

becomes hyperphagic and continues to eat until it has doubled its normal weight.

45
Q

The________ is signaled when there is a drop in blood sugar due to good deprivation

A

Hypothalamus

PSYCH FINALS (3 decks)

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