Thinkers Liberal Flashcards
John Locke (not modern)
Key ideas
1) society state and government are based on a voluntary agreement or social contracts
2) government should be limited and based on consent from below
John Locke
Believe that government derives its legitimacy from .. and should..?
People should accept?
The government should protect ? And tolerate?
Lockes philosophy is based on ?
HOWEVER.. locke is not a modern liberal because
The people, and should govern in accordance to their natural rights
The authority of the government
Property rights … religious matters not interfere
Reason
Refers to ‘people’ as wealthy land owners not real people
Mary Wollstonecraft, type of liberal?
Key ideas
uses ?
classic
1) women are rational independent beings capable of reason
2) in order to be free women should enjoy full liberties and the opportunity to pursue a career
human nature/state/society
Mary Wollstonecraft
What is formal equality ?
What did she value as an institution ?
But they must be?
Why were there limits on her ambitions for women ?
But argued even tho biology ??
All individuals have the same legal and political rights in society
Marriage
Equals in partnership no tyranny
The period in which she lived
A career was no less virtuous just aimed for equality if opportunity
John Stuart Mill
Key ideas
uses?
1) individuals should be free to do anything expect harm others
2) it is important to tolerate behaviours or ideas that are different from ones own
human nature/state/society
John Stuart Mill
Was which branch of liberal?
Championed the ? advocated?
What did he believe about the government ? Only entitled to?
What did he believe about tax?
He was a son of ?
Classical
Harm principle
That they had no business interfering … restrict behaviour that affected freedom of others …. negative freedom
Should be a single tax rate ‘flat tax’
Utilitarianism
John Rawls
Key ideas
what type of liberal?
1) society must be just and guarantee each citizen a life worth living
2) a fair society is one in which the difference in outcomes for the richest and the poorest is kept to a minimum
modern
John Rawls
What did Rawls accept ?
What did Rawls envisage?(2)
What did Rawls argue would happen in this circumstance ?
What did Rawls reject ?(2)
That there would always be a degree of inequality
-original position
-veil of ignorance
People would value the importance of equal rights allowing as much freedom as possible
Communism and unregulated capitalism
Betty Friedan
Key ideas
1) women are as capable as men and oppressive laws and social views must be rejected
2) women are held back from fulfilling this potential by unfair ideas about the kind of employment they can take up
Betty Friedan
What was her belief about biology and women?
Reinforced by ?
Why was she a liberal?
That is was conditioning not vilify that Lead women to become wives and homemakers
Schools family and social cultural and religious influences
Because she wanted to make reforms within the existing structure
what are liberals features?
- individualism
- freedom/liberty
- state ‘necessary evil’
- rationalism
classical liberals? (4)
- negative freedom
- no welfare-reliance
- state protect property rights
- lassiez faire economy
modern liberals?(4)
- positive freedom
- welfare system
- collective action
- against free-market capitalism, Keynesian
both classic/modern liberals believe that the state?(3)
- private property natural right
- compliments individualism, self-striving
- seen to benefit everyone (optimism)
