Things you need to know FOR the final

Question 1

What is thermochemistry?

Answer 1

The study of Enthalpy(head) changes om a chemical reaction that walways involves a system + surroundings to create.

Question 2

What are the types of systems?

Answer 2

Open, Closed and Isolated

Question 2

Temperature in thermochem?

Answer 2

Celcius or Kelvins

Question 3

What happens in an Open System?

Answer 3

Mass and energy are exchanged

Question 3

What is enthalpy?

Answer 3

Heat flow measured under conditions of constant

Question 3

What happens in an Isolated System?

Answer 3

Neither are exchanged

Question 4

What happens in a Closed System?

Answer 4

Only energy is exchanged

Question 4

What are thermochem units?

Answer 4

Temperature, Heat, Enthalpy

Question 4

Heat in thermochem?

Answer 4

is Q and is in Joules/ Kilojoules

Question 5

Enthalpy in thermochem?

Answer 5

Is H and is also in Joules/ Kilojoules

Question 6

What is a spontaneous process?

Answer 6

A process that occurs in a system left to itself. It does not mean that it is fast.

Question 7

1st law of energy flow is?

Answer 7

When energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created/destroyed (ice to water, water to gas)

Question 8

What do downhill reactions mean?

Answer 8

Exothermic, it is giving off heat and causing the temp to go up

Question 9

What do uphill reactions mean?

Answer 9

Endothermic, is absorbing heat and is causing the temp to go down

Question 9

2nd law of energy flow is?

Answer 9

Explains why chem reactions who in a certain direction. It is based on entropy

Question 10

Whats more spontaneous, gas or liquid?

Answer 10

Gas

Question 11

Whats more spontaneous, solid or liquid?

Answer 11

liquid

Question 11

Whats more spontaneous, gas or solid?

Answer 11

gas

Question 11

How to calculate ΔS of rxn?

Answer 11

Products - Reactants

Question 12

What is the second law of Entropy?

Answer 12

The entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process.

Question 13

Equilibrium in entropy?

Answer 13

ΔSuniv = ΔSsys +ΔSsurr = 0

Question 13

Spontaneous reactions in Entropy?

Answer 13

ΔSuniv(+)= ΔSsys(-)+ΔSsurr(+)>0

Question 14

How to calculate ΔSsurr?

Answer 14

-(ΔHsys)
———–
T

Question 15

How to calculate ΔG?

Answer 15

ΔH-TΔS

Question 15

How to calculate ΔH from ΔHf?

Answer 15

(Products-reactants) *(# of moles)

Question 16

Spont., Nonspont., or Temp dependent?:
ΔH(enthalpy)= -
ΔS(entropy)= -
ΔG= +

Answer 16

Spontaneous, but only at low temperatures

Question 16

Spont., Nonspont., or Temp dependent?:
ΔH(enthalpy)= -
ΔS(entropy)= +
ΔG= -

Answer 16

Always spontaneous

Question 16

How to calculate ΔS?

Answer 16

(Products-reactants) *(# of moles)

Question 16

Spont., Nonspont., or Temp dependent?:
ΔH(enthalpy)= +
ΔS(entropy)= -
ΔG= +

Answer 16

Always nonspontaneous

Question 17

Spont., Nonspont., or Temp dependent?:
ΔH(enthalpy)= +
ΔS(entropy)= +
ΔG= -

Answer 17

Spontaneous, but only at high temperatures.

Question 17

How to find T when given ΔH and ΔS?

Answer 17

ΔH/ΔS

Question 17

What is the second way to find ΔG?

Answer 17

ΔG of rxn= Sum of all Products - Sum of all Reactants

or final-initial

Question 17

How to calculate ΔSvap?

Answer 17

Tb

Question 18

How to find T if given ΔHfus and ΔSfus?

Answer 18

ΔHfus/
ΔSfus

Question 18

How to calculate ΔSfus?

Answer 18

Tm

Question 18

How to calculate reaction rate?

Answer 18

Change in # of moles/
Change in time

Question 19

What variables affect rate?

Answer 19

The type of reaction it is, Concentration, time, temp, pressure/volume, a catalyst or the lack of one.

Question 20

If ΔG is large and negative what must be true?(When ΔG< 0)

Answer 20

Products are favored at equilibrium and is Spontaneous

Question 20

If ΔG is small and positive what must be true? (When ΔG> 0)

Answer 20

Is nonspontaneous and reactants are favored

Question 21

Rate law for a first order reaction?

Answer 21

Rate=k[A]

Question 22

Rate law for a second order reaction?

Answer 22

Rate=k[A]^2 or Rate=k[A][B]

Question 23

Rate law for a 0 order reaction?

Answer 23

Rate=k

Question 23

Integrated rate law for 2nd order reaction graph info?

Answer 23

Will be 1/[A]t by time and is pointed up from left to right

Question 23

Integrated rate law for 1st order reaction?

Answer 23

ln([A]t/[A]0)=-kt

Question 24

Integrated rate law for 1st order reaction graph info?

Answer 24

will be ln[A]t by time, is pointed down from left to right

Question 24

Integrated rate law for 1st order reaction?

Answer 24

ln[A]t=-kt+ln[A]0

Question 25

Integrated rate law for 2nd order reaction?

Answer 25

1/ln[A]t=kt+1/ln[A]0

Question 26

Integrated rate law for 0 order reaction?

Answer 26

[A]t=-kt+[A]0

Question 27

What does [A]0 stand for?

Answer 27

Concentration at the initial time or at time of 0

Question 27

Integrated rate law for 0 order reaction graph info?

Answer 27

Will be [A]t by time and is pointed down from the left to the right.

Question 28

What does [A]t stand for?

Answer 28

Concentration at that specific time.

Question 29

How to find rate in general?

Answer 29

change in [A]/ change in time

Question 30

what does k =?

Answer 30

rate constant