things you just need to memorise Flashcards
what is the formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
what is the formula for nitric acid
HN03
what is the formula for sulfuric acid
H2SO4
what is the ion for sodium
what is the ion for carbonate
co3^2-
what is the ion for ammonium
NH4^+1
what is the ion for sulfate
SO4^-2
what is the formula for hydroxide
OH^-1
what to do if asked to write the formula of a compound
use the ionic equations,
eg sodium sulfate would be Na2 So4 as a sodium ion has a charge of Na^1+
and a sulfate ion has a charge of So4^2-
so we need two Na and one So4 to balance out the charges
eg2. potassium carbonate would be K2 Co3
as a potasium ion has a charge of K^1+ and a carbonate ion has a charge of Co3^2-
so we need two K and only one Co3 to balance out the charges
acid + metal
acid + metal –> metal salt + hydrogen
acid + metal hydroxides (alkalis)
acid + metal hydroxide –> metal salt + water
acid + metal carbonates
acid + metal carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
what is a neutralisation reaction
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) –> H20(l)
metal salt name endings for the three main acids
hydrochloric acid - chloride
(eg magnesium + hydrochloric acid=magnesium chloride + hydrogen)
nitric acid - nitrate
sulfuric acid - sulfate
what are positive ions known as
cations
what are negative ions known as
anions
what is a binary compound
a compound that only contains 2 elements
to name a binary compound you use the first element normally but change the second elements ending to -ide
for ionic compounds what element comes first-
the metal always comes first
for example sodium and oxygen form sodium oxide.
when writing an ionic compound which element comes first
always the metal comes first
all the elements that are diatomic molecules so you always represent them with a 2 next to their state symbol
H2, N2, C2, F2, Br2, Cl2 , I2
how do you get an equation for a ionic compound
the formula worked out from the ionic charges is used in equations.
the polyatomic ions you need to remember
nitrate- NO3-
carbonate-CO3 2-
ammonium- NH4+
sulphate-SO4 2-
Hydroxide- OH-
Silver- ag+
how to remember the diatomic elements
have no fear of ice cold beer
H2 Hydrogen
N2 Nitrogen
F2 Florine
O2 Oxygen
I2 Iodine
CL2 Chlorine
BR2 Bromine
what is the formula for phosphorous
p4
