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Pharm II > things to remember > Flashcards

things to remember Flashcards

1
Q

Natural PCN’s

A

great for streptococcus species

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2
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

drug of choice for enterococcus

DONT FOR GET LISTERIA

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3
Q

dicloxacillin
oxacillin
nafacillin

A

Drug of choice against staphylococcus

DOSE Adjust LIVER

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4
Q

Pipercillin

A 
Streptococcus
VSE
Neiserria
PSUEDOMONAS
GP anaerobes
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5
Q

Aminopenicillinase/Beta lactatmase inhibitor

A 
streptococcus
VSE
GNR
HNM
Anaerobes (+/-)
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6
Q

Antipusedomonal/betalactamase

A 
Streptococcus
VSE
MSSA
GNR
HNM
Psuedomonas 
Anaerobes (+/-)
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7
Q

2nd gen cephs

A

URI and walking pneumonia

streptococcus
GNR
HNM
Few anaerobes

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8
Q

3rd gen ceph

A

great empiric therapy

URI/UTI/Otitis media

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9
Q

Ceftazidime

A

GNR
HNM
psuedomonas

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10
Q

Cefepime

A

most broad spectrum (great empiric therapy)

Streptococcus
MSSA
GNR
HNM
Psuedomonas

Renal dose adjust esp in elderly

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11
Q

Ceftraroline

A 
Streptococcus
VSE
MSSA
GNR
HNM
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12
Q

Ceftazadime/Betalactam

A

GNR
HNM
Psuedomonas

Reserved for SPACE pathogens

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13
Q

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam

A

Streptococcus
GNR
HNM
Psuedomonas

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14
Q

Carbapenems

A

SPEFICALLY FOR MDR(SPACE PATHOGENS) or SEPTIC SHOCK

very resistant to betalacamases

streptococcus 
VSE
MSSA
GNR
HNM
Psuedomonas
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15
Q

Ertapenem

A 
streptococcus 
VSE
MSSA
GNR
HNM
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16
Q

Meropenem/betalactamase inhibitor

A

Drug of choice for patients wit carbapenem -resistant enterobacter

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17
Q

Aztreonam

A 
Safest drug to give with allergies 
\$\$\$\$$
Always given in tandem to get with GP covering agent 
GNR
HNM
Psuedomonas
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18
Q

Glycopeptides MOA

A

inhibit PBP from cross linking peptidoglycan

only susceptible to gram pos drugs only (except VRE)

bacteriostatic drugs

Streptococcus 
VSE
MSSA
MRSA
GP+
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19
Q

Vanco IV vs. PO

A

infections (random levels vs. troughs

MRSA- 15-20
MSSA 10-20

PO-Cdiff (smaller doses no monitoring )

20
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis
prevent tRNA binding to 30s ribosomal subunit

bacteriostatic

dose adjustments: liver

21
Q

Doxycycline and Tetracycline

A 
•	Strepto
•	MSSA
•	MRSA
•	HNM
•	Atypical 
don't give in children less than 8 because of enamel genesis vestibular toxicity and photosensitivity

dose adjustments: liver

22
Q

Minocycline

A 
Minocycline (MINO ATYPICAL)
•	Strepto
•	MSSA
•	MRSA
•	HNM
dose adjustments: liver
23
Q

Tigecycline

A

everything but VRE and Atypical
dose adjustments: liver

**CAN BE USED FOR MDR GNR INFECTIONS

24
Q

Omadacycline

A 
Omadacycline: Same + HM and Atypical 
•	Strepto
•	VRE
•	MSSA
•	MRSA
•	GNR
•	HM
•	Atypicals 
dose adjustments: liver
25
Q

Eravacycline:

A 
Eravacycline: Same + Anaerobes
•	Streptococcus 
•	VRE
•	MSSA
•	MRSA
•	GNR
•	Anaerobes
26
Q

Fluroqoquinolones

A

inhibit both DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase
(prevents DNA from Replicating)
Bactericidal

black box warning and lots of bad ADR’s

27
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Ciprofloxacin -bacteriocidal DOSE ADJUST RENAL
• VSE
• GNRbold
• Psuedomonasbold

28
Q

Levofloxcain

A

Levofloxcain-bacteriocidal → RESPIRATORY FLUROQUINOLONE DOSE ADJUST RENAL

  • Streptococcus
  • VSE
  • GNR*
  • HNM*
  • Psuedomonas*
  • Atypicals
29
Q

Moxifloxacin

A 
Moxifloxacin → Respiriatory 
Covers:
•	Streptococcous 
•	GNR*
•	HNM* 
•	Pseudomonas* 
•	Atypical 
•	Anaerobes
30
Q

Oxifloxacin

A 
Oxifloxacin – bacteriocidal 
Covers:
•	Streptococcous 
•	MSSA
•	GNR*
•	HNM*
•	Pseudomonas*
31
Q

Delafloxacin

A 
Delafloxacin →  Respiratory Fluroquinolone Dose adjust renal 
Covers
•	Streptococcus 
•	MSSA
•	MRSA
•	GNR*
•	HNM*
•	Pseudomonas* 
•	Atypical
32
Q

Macrolides MAO

A

inhibits protein synthesis
prevents tRNA binding to 50s ribosomal subunit

bacteriostatic

streptococcus
H+
Atypicals
H. pylori

think Jersey shore StHAHp

clarith and erytho inhibit drug metabolism by CYP enzymes

dose adjustment liver

33
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis (prevents tRNA binding to 50s ribosomal subunit)

bacteriostatic

streptococcus
MSSA
GP+

multiple day dosing to avoid side effects -associated with c. diff infections

Dose adjustment LIVER

34
Q

Metronidazole

A

GP+ anaerobes esp. C. diff

ADRs peripheral neuropathy GI intolerance metallic tase

35
Q

Bactrim MOA

A

inhibits formation of nucleic acids by inhibiting folic acid synthesis

SMX inhibits pteroate

***TMP inhibits folate reductase
→ dosing is based on this component

streptococcus 
MSSA
MRSA
GNR
HNM
36
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

irreversibly bind with 30s subunit causing mRNA to be misread

Bacteriocidal

Synergistic coverage for GPC endocarditis 
streptococcus
VSE
VRE
MSSA
MRSA

by themselves
GNR
Psuedomonas

MONITOR PEAKS AND TROUGHS

–HAVE POST ANTIBIOTIC EFFECT (2-4hrs)

37
Q

Aminoglycoside dosing gold standard

A

high bolus at beginning

38
Q

Aminoglycoside dosing for people with kidney issues?

A

give smaller doses more frequently

39
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

SUSCEPTIBLE GNR → used to treat UTI’s (CYSTITIS)

*** CrCl must be greater than 50 – dependent on renal function to be therapeutic in bladder

40
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Metabolized within the bacterial cell to reactive intermediates that destroy DNA and ribosomal proteins

Bacterialcidal

41
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

binds to 5Os subunit and doesn’t let 30s attach → no protein synthesis occurring

bacteriostatic

Streptococcus
VSE
VRE
MSSA
MRSA
GP+ anaerobes

ADR’s thrombocyopenia and serotonin syndrome

Dose adjust liver

42
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

binds with calcium and creates holes in phospholipid membrane

bacterialcidal

Streptococcus
VSE
VRE
MSSA
MRSA
GP+ anaerobes

particularly used for MRSA and VRE infections

43
Q

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

A 
VSE
VRE
MSSA
MRSA
GP+ anaerobes

particularly used for VRE infections

Liver

bactericidal

44
Q

Rifampin

A

bactericidal
inhibits RNA polymerase and prevents RNA production

can develop resistance when used for long time

Induces CYP enzymes and increases clearance of many drugs

MSSA
MRSA
+HN

LIVER

45
Q

Fosfomycin MOA and coverage

A

Inhibits enzyme Mur A→ inhibits cell wall synthesis

bacterialcidal

VSE
VRE
MSSA
MRSA
GNR (accept acinobacter)
Pseudomonas

only therapeutic in bladder → used for mild UTI’s

46
Q

Fidaxomicin MOA

A

binds to RNA polymerase and doesn’t let transcription occur

covers specifically C-diff (refractory c-diff) very $$$

Pharm II (12 decks)

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