Things to memorize

Question 1

Essential FA

Answer 1

Linoleic (n-6)
Alpha Linoleum Acids (n-3)

Question 2

Most common FA in Breast Milk

Answer 2

Steric
Oleic (n-9)
Palmitic

Oleic followed by Palmitic is most prevalent FA in human milk

Question 3

Critical FA

Answer 3

AA and DHA are transferred across placenta to the developing fetus, mostly occurs in third trimester

Question 4

EFAD

Answer 4

-Occurs at 3-7 days
-Scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, susceptibility to bacterial infections, failure to thrive
-Can be prevented by 0.5 gm/kd/day of IL
-Holman index triene: tetraene ration >0.2 (n-9:n-6 ratio)

Question 5

Conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 5

Tyrosine, Taurine, Proline, Glycine, Arginine, Glutamine, Cysteine

Glutamine represents largest amino acid in human milk

Question 6

BM Storage (0-4 degrees C)

Answer 6

Stable:
IgA,
C3 complement,
lactoferrin,
lysozyme,
fibronectin,
glycoproteins,
tocopherol,
cell count (number and function),
bacterial growth

Reduced:
Bactericidial activity within 72 hours

Question 7

BM Storage Freezing (-20 degrees C)

Freezing at -70 the same except improved ph stability

Answer 7

Stable:
IgA
C3
Energy
Lactose
Lipids/fats
Lipase
Amylase
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
Glycoproteins
Water soluble vitamins
Tocopherol
bacterial growth

Reduced:
ph
lactoperoxidase
cellular activity (number and function)

Question 8

Heat treated/Pasteurization (56 degrees C)

Answer 8

Stable:
C3
Lactose
Lipid
Protein
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
Fibronectin
Glycoproteins
Tocopherol
Fat soluble vitamins

Reduced:
Water soluble vitamins
Enzymes lipase amylase lactoperioxidase IFN TNF IL
antioxidants
adiopectin insulin
cellular activity (number and function)
bacterial growth except for b cereus

Question 9

Heat-treated/Holder pasteurization (62 degrees C)

Answer 9

Stable:
Lactose
Lipid
Fibronectin
C3
Glycoproteins
Tocopherol
Fat soluble vitamins

Reduced:
IgA
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
Water soluble vitamins
Enzymes
antioxidants
hormones
cellular activity (number and function)
bacterial growth except for b cereus

Question 11

Respiratory quotient

Answer 11

C02 produced, basal metabolic rate
This is not energy production
Carbs 1
Protein 0.8
Fat 0.71

Question 12

False negative CCHD screen

Answer 12

Left sided obstructive lesions
Coarct
Hypoplastic
Aortic stenosis
Due to decreased perfusion

Question 13

Vitamin E

Answer 13

Hemolysis, Anemia, reticulocytosis

Question 14

Biophysical Profile

Answer 14

Fetal Breathing 1 breathing
Fetal Tone 1 extension/flexion cycle
Fetal movement greator than 3 movements
AFI one fluid pocket at least 2cm by 1cm

Question 15

Microarray

Answer 15

Detects chromosomal abnormalities
Microdeletions
Duplications
Most unbalanced translocations
Most aneuploidies
Some imprinting

Question 16

Tricuspid Atresia and Complete AV Canal

Answer 16

Left superior axis
QRS up in lead 1 and down in lead avf

Question 17

Pictures of eyes

Question 18

Genetic techniques

Answer 18

Northern hybridization of a labeled dna probe to digested rna

Question 19

Common side effect of Zidoviduine

Answer 19

Macrocytic Anemia
Check at birth and at 1 month
Give for 6 weeks

Question 20

Know how to identify echogenic bowel and what causes it

Answer 20

Echogenic bowel is similar to bone brightness
Aneuploidy
Cystic fibrosis
CMV
IUGR
Swallowed blood

Question 21

Prader Willi

Answer 21

Does not have hydronephrosis

Question 22

GALD

Answer 22

Initiated by maternal antibodies that attack fetal hepatocytes. The fetal immune response
Maternal exposure to a sensitizing fetal antigen
Starts mid gestation and babies are showing liver failure
LFTs are normal
Previous children affected

Question 23

ALCAPA

Answer 23

Q waves

Question 24

Acute fatty liver disease in pregnancy

Answer 24

Baby can have long chain fatty acid deficiency

Question 25

LTGA

Answer 25

Presents with complete heart block

Question 26

Congenital heart defect most associated with accessory pathway

Answer 26

Ebsteins

Question 27

Moro reflex

Answer 27

Onset 28-32 weeks
Well established 37 weeks
Disappears by 6 months

Question 28

Palmar grasp

Answer 28

Onset 28 weeks
Well established 32 weeks
Disappears by 2 months

Question 29

Thalamic hemorrhage is associated with

Answer 29

CVT

Question 30

Bohr Effect

Answer 30

The binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin in the tissues augments unloading of oxygen from capillary blood

Question 31

Haldane Effect

Answer 31

The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the alveolar bed augments carbon unloading from the capillary bed into alveolar space