things that are gonna come up Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the disadvantages of using immobilised enzymes in the industry?

A

expensive equipment, takes a long time, enzymes may be less active and can’t mix freely with the substrate

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2
Q

Why would it be less expensive to use immobilised enzymes?

A

They can be used multiple times

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3
Q

Label genetic engineering diagram

A

remember: pressure gauge at the top right, ph probe above temperature probe on the right, oxygen concentration probe on the left, sterile nutrient medium is the liquid inside, impeller is what mixes everything

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4
Q

What kingdom is algae?

A

Protista

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5
Q

what is the answer to the question after the algae question?

A

DNA/test the DNA

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6
Q

When is it inappropriate to use the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

A

When there is a small population and it has been assumed that no mutations have occurred

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7
Q

Explain how genetic variation happens:

A

Mutation, during meiosis, independent assortment

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8
Q

Compare the structures of glucose and starch:

A
Glucose - monosaccharide
Starch - polysaccharide
Glucose - soluble in water
Starch - insoluble in water
Starch - 1,4 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Glucose - 1,4 glycosidic bonds
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9
Q

Why would you use flies and mice for body plan research?

A

Small, easy to keep, short life cycle

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10
Q

What are immobilized enzymes?

A

Enzymes that have been trapped into an inert matrix or material (such as calcium alginate) which prevents them from moving

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11
Q

What are immobilized enzymes used for?

A

making lactose-free milk, used to manufacture medicines and antibiotics

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12
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

A sequence of processes by which carbon moves from the atmosphere, through living and dead organisms, into sediments and into the atmosphere again

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13
Q

What is the first step of the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon enters the atmosphere by: respiration in organisms (e.g. animals breathing), combustion (e.g. burning of fossil fuels/wood), decomposition and decay (microorganisms respiration)

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14
Q

What is the second step of the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers in photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is the third step of the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon transfers from organism to organism. Animals eat plants consuming the carbon content and animals eat other animals transferring carbon from one to another

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16
Q

What is the fourth step of the carbon cycle?

A

Animals and plants die, and the organisms are eaten by decomposers. Decomposers respire to release CO2 back into the air to be absorbed by producers again

17
Q

How would using PCR help determine growth rate?

A

It multiplies the sample amount meaning there is more for us to test and determine what the original growth rate is

18
Q

What are homeobox genes?

A

A group of genes which all contain a homeobox (a section of DNA 180 base pairs long)

19
Q

What does a homeodomain do?

A

Switches genes on and off

20
Q

What type of gene are homeobox genes?

A

Regulatory genes

21
Q

What are hox genes?

A

One group of homeobox genes that are only present in animals