Things I got wrong (all slide decks) Flashcards
what are stimulus characteristics/settings and what do they threat
its when a result only happens under a particular set of conditions/circumstances
- threat to external validity
what is specifical treatment/ reaction of controls?
What does it threat?
When control subject may be aware they are not receiving treatment and may
1) be motivated to out-perform experimental group
2) feel demoralized and lose interest or motivation in participation
what is reactivity of experimental arrangements what does it threat?
awareness of being in a study may in itself shift behavior/reactions
- ppl may have motives for participating
- ppl may have own theories about what is happening
- threat to external validity
the extent to which methods used in a research study measure what they are supposed to measure
validity
the consistency, or repeatability of a measure
reliability
what is multiple treatment interference
- what does it threat
subjects receives multiple interventions
- within subjects, great for internal, but not for external
- threat to external validity
what is reactivity of assessment?
what does It threat?
similar to experimental arrangements, but focuses on awareness f what the measures are tapping into
- knowing what the researchers are getting at
ex: filling out the beck depression invensoty and they see “beck depression inventory at the top” it may alter their responses
- threat to external validity
what is novelty and what does it threat
novelty - is the threat due to newness? treatments are often more effective is labeled new and improvement
- happened with Prozac in the 90s
- self-fulfilling prophecy
what is test sensitization and what does it threat
pre and post measures for interventions - taking a test once will impact responses for second test
- external validity threat
what happens when more stats tests are run? what does this threat?
increased likelihood of finding a “chance” finding
threat to data evaluation validity
what is single operational/narrow stimulus sampling?
What does it threat
when there is another factor that participants are responding to other than treatment
ex: a good therapist rather than a good treatment
- threat to construct validity
construct validity
the extent to which a measure can assess the construct of interest
the extent to which the analysis performed enables one to draw correct inferences about the phenomena of interest
statistical conclusion validity
the probability of rejecting a hypothesis when that hypothesis is true
alpha/ type I error
what are demand characteristics ?
When do they often occur?
cues of the study association that seem incidental but can contribute to study results
- often occur during the informed consent process
the likelihood of finding differences between conditions, when there are truly differences between conditions
power
1- beta
the probability of accepting a hypothesis that is false
beta
type II error
explain the difference between a moderator and a mediator
a moderator is a variable that increase or decreases the strength f the relationship between thee other variables
- another variable that influences the relationship between two variables of interest
the mediator variable is a variable that is like the middle man, the independent affects the mediator, which affects the dependent
what are case-control studies
selection of participants (cases) who vary on a characteristic of interest
cross sectional
longitudinal
time lag
cross sectional - test different variable of interest at same given time
- longitudinal, follow same participants over long time interval
- time lag - test ppl of same age in different time periods
what is a factorial design
a design hat allows for the simultaneous investigation of the effect of two or more variables
- allows for testing of interactions
what are yoked control control groups
control subjects are matched with subjects to complete aspects of the protocol
- issues with construct validity should drive this decision (rule out demand characteristics)
