Slides 4 Flashcards
what can’t you do to freuds psychosexual theory? what does this mean?
you can’t falsify it –> not a good theory
what can we look at between variables? what can’t we look at between variables most of the time
we can look at correlations but we cannot infer causation
most times, it is unethical to try to find causation
what is a risk factor
a characteristics that is antecedent and increases the likelihood of an outcome
what is a cuase
when one variable directly influences the other
what factors influence the relationship between variables?
moderator - another variable that influences the relationship between two variables of interest
mediators - what happens that explains the relationship between A & B
- independent variable influences the mediator which in turn influences the outcome
- the “middle man”
must be a significant association between IV and DV before testing for a mediating effects
conditions of mediation
the intervention leads to change on the outcome
the intervention alters the proposed mediator
the mediator is related to the outcome
outcome effects are not evident if the proposed mediator did not change
if the mediator conditions are met, can we say that the mediator for sure plays a role?
no
- maybe the mediation is partial
or maybe, the mediator might serve as a proxy for other variables that are correlated
a set of statements that summarizes and organizes existing info about some phenomenon, provides an explanation for the phenomenon and serves as a basis for making predictions to be tested empirically
scientific theory
properties of a good theory
- ability to account for data
- explanatory relevance
- prediction of novel events
- testability
- parsimony
what does grounded theory mean
hypothesis emerged from intensive observations of the phenomenon
operational definition
a clearly defined set of procedures for obtaining a measure of the construct of interest
- allows replication by others
advantages to DSM
- we need consensus of labels in order to do scientific research
- facilitates communication
- defines observation criteria
- reliability of diagnoses across the world
- practical for clinicians
problems with DSM
multiple revisions
label inflation
emergence and disappearance of categories –> loss of identity or access to care ex: Asperger’s
- new disorders lead to unwarranted stigmatization?
- all of none diagnoses
some problems with labelling
internalization of label for self-identity
introduces preconceptions/biases
may promote stigmatization
what are true experiments? What do they have?
max control and strongest basis for drawing conclusions
- have varying conditions
have random assignment of participants
- control possible sources of bias
are randomized-controlled clinical trials
