things I forget and probs should learn

Question 1

Causes of Erythema Nodosum (and description of it)

Answer 1

Erythema nodosum is a panniculitis (inflammation of subcutaneous fat cells), which
causes crops of red or violet dome-shaped nodules to appear on both shins (or
occasionally on the thighs). They are tender and warm on palpation. Systemic
symptoms (such as fever, malaise and arthralgia) may also be present. A helpful
mnemonic to remember the causes of erythema nodusum is LOST BUSH:
- Leprosy, Lymphoma (non-hodgkins), Leukaemia
- Oral contraceptive (and pregnancy)
- Sarcoidosis, Sulphonamides (and penicillins)
- TB, Toxoplasmosis
- Behçet’s disease
- Ulcerative Colitis (and Crohn’s disease)
- Salmonella (and Yersinia), Strep
- Histoplasmosis

Question 2

Bechet’s Triad

Answer 2

1. Genital Ulcers
2. Mouth ulcers
3. Uveitis
   (also Erythema nodosum, pericarditis, arthritis, colitis)

Question 3

Takayasu’s arthritis

Answer 3

Important: 
1. Syncopal episodes 
2. Asian woman under thirty 
3. Difference in BP between arms 
But also 
1. Weak/absent pulses i upper/lower limb. Claudication
2. Thrombocytopenia, raised ESR
3. Narrowing and occlusion of subclavian and it's branches.

Question 4

Buerger’s (thromboangiitis obliterans)

Answer 4

1. <45 y/o male
2. Smoker
3. Segmental thrombosis and occlusion of medium vessels –> gangrene, and ulcers of digits

Question 5

Churg Struss

Answer 5

1. Eosinophillic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
2. Small vessels
3. Wrist drop/food drop (multifocal neuropathy)

Question 6

Kawasaki

Answer 6

1. Children, lasts like 5 days
2. Conjunctivitis,
3. Rash
4. Cervical lymphadenopathy
5. Oral mucpsitits (strawberry tongue)
6. Hand-food eythema and oedema

Question 7

Microscopic polyangiitis

Answer 7

small artery vasculitis
1. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
2.pul haemorrhage –> haemoptysis
3. pANCA
(LIKE WEGNERS JUST W/O THE URT SYMPTOMS LIKE EPIXTASIS)

Question 8

Henoch Schonlein Purpura

Answer 8

1. purpuric rash
2. Abdo pain
3. Arthalgia
   (Oedema)
   (affects children)

Question 9

Goodpasture’s

Answer 9

1. Anti-GBM Abs
2. Glomerunonephritis
3. Haemoptysis

Question 10

Empty Sella Syndrome

Answer 10

Regression of pituitary gland, causes headaches, hypertension and rhinorrhoea/
RF: obese and muliparous (& therefore female)

Question 11

Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome

Answer 11

GI harmatomous polyps –> SI obstruction –> Abdo pain and discomfort
Mucocutanous pigmentation, almost like freckles on the vermillion border of the lips (94%), buccal mucosa (66%), hands (74%), and feet (62%), but has also been reported in the peri-orbital, peri-anal, and genital areas

Question 12

Amyloidosis symptoms

Answer 12

1. Kidney –> Nephrotic syndrome –> oedema
2. Heart —> Restrictive cardiomyopathy and arrythmia –> SOB and palpitations
3. Intestines –> Malabsoption and wt loss
4. Tongue/spleen/liver —> enlargement –> Glossitis and hepatosplenomegaly
5. Autonomic and sensory neuopathy –> pain and numbness, diarrhoea and constipation, orthostatic hypotension

(Amyloidosis can be cased by multiple myeloma (primary, AL), or by systemic inflam like RhA/IBD/cancer (secondary, AA))