Things From Class IDK

Question 1

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 1

father of psych

Question 2

Ipsative scores

Answer 2

there are no absolute scores, as the focus is on the internal ranking of responses. The measurement instead occurs based on the performance of the student on the current assessment as compared to the previous assessment(s).

Question 3

Variable ratio reinforcement schedule

Answer 3

provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 4

epstiens model of parental involvement

Answer 4

outlines six concrete types of family involvement behaviors: positive home conditions, communication, involvement at school, home learning activities, shared decision making within the school, and community partnerships

Question 5

Gort-D

Answer 5

measures oral reading rate, accuracy, fluency, and comprehension

Question 6

Lieter-3

Answer 6

is a test of nonverbal intelligence and cognitive abilities

Question 7

beck depression inventory

Answer 7

a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression.

Question 8

Arnold Gessel

Answer 8

developmental psychologist

Question 9

Lau v Nichols

Answer 9

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that schools receiving federal funds must provide English language instruction to non-English-speaking students, addressing violations of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Lau and other students of Chinese descent who did not speak English and received no supplemental English courses brought a class action suit against the officials in the San Francisco Unified School District.

Question 10

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)

Answer 10

Provide funding to states to improve educational opportunities for disadvantaged children; Establish equality in educational resources and opportunities for students living in poverty. Emphasizes high standards and accountablity

Question 11

Hobson V. Hanson

Answer 11

U.S. District Court, led by Judge J. Skelly Wright, ruled tracking system to be unconstitutional and discriminatory
Denied equal educational opportunity
A single IQ test was not a valid indicator of a student’s potential
IQ test also biased in a way that would inevitably lead to lower scores, resulting in lower track placements
Did violate due process, as students have a right to a fair process in educational settings
Including opportunity to contest decisions that significantly impact their academic futures
Impact
Ruling led to changes in how schools assessed and placed students, emphasizing the need for more equitable and comprehensive evaluation methods

Question 12

Rowley v. Board of Ed

Answer 12

Student who was deaf and performing well in her gen ed. Classroom
Parents requested she have an interpreter
Student was able to access her education and school is not required to provide services which will provide maximum benefit
Schools must provide students an appropriate education, but not necessarily the best education

Question 13

Oberti v. Clementon

Answer 13

established that if placement outside the classroom is necessary, the school district must then include the child in as many school programs with children who do not have disabilities “to the maximum extent appropriate.”

Question 14

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California

Answer 14

a landmark legal case from 1976. It involved a therapist who failed to warn Tatiana Tarasoff that a one of their patients had threatened to kill her. After the patient did indeed commit the murder, the court ruled that mental health professionals have a duty to warn potential victims when a patient poses a serious threat.
“Duty to warn”

Question 15

Tinker v. Des Moines

Answer 15

established students right to freedom of speech in schools.

Students wore black armbands to protest vietnam war. Administration found out and decided that the students would be suspended if they refused to take them off .On December 16, Mary Beth Tinker and Christopher Eckhardt wore their armbands to school and were sent home.. The students did not return to school until after New Year’s Day, the planned end of the protest
The Supreme Court held that the armbands represented pure speech that is entirely separate from the actions or conduct of those participating in it. The Court also held that the students did not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they stepped onto school property.

Question 16

Pase v. Hannon

Answer 16

emphasized that the use of culturally fair IQ tests should be used in a conjunction with other types of assessments in order to provide a reasonable amount of data to justify EMH placement decisions

Question 17

Larry P. v. Riles

Answer 17

Argued that the IQ tests were being improperly used in determining a student’s placement and they were biased against Black students
The students’ rights were violated under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment because the education in the special classrooms were inadequate.
Outcome: Court decided in favor of the students and district was prohibited from using IQ tests to identify or place Black students in special education.

Question 18

Marshall v. Georgia

Answer 18

Lawsuit claimed that achievement tests result in school segregation, especially when it comes to special education
While Georgia won the case, the court identified that there was no standard process for students to get individualized help for learning difficulties or behavior problems
Most students with learning difficulties or behavior problems were removed from general education and moved to special education because that was where the “help” was
Court mandated that every school in Georgia must have a Student Support Team (SST)
An SST is a team made up of two or more school personnel who meet to offer assistance to students and teachers
SST is designed as the first level of intervention and support

Question 19

Irving Independent SD v. Tatro

Answer 19

U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a school board in Texas had to provide catheterization services during class hours to a student with spina bifida under the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (1975) (Now IDEA since 1990)
Case stands out as the court’s first attempt to define the distinction between “school health services” and “medical services”.

Question 20

Guadalupe Organization inc v. Tempe

Answer 20

t was determined the district DID NOT provide the students with adequate instruction to successfully graduate or be competent in reading, writing and comprehension in both their native Spanish and in English.
It was also determined the district DID NOT provide instruction about the history of the parents and relatives of the students from these backgrounds.
The U.S. Office of Education has now defined bilingual education as: instruction in two languages and the use of those two languages as a means of instruction for any part of or all of the student curriculum.
Study of the history and culture associated with the student’s primary language is considered an integral part of bilingual education.
Additionally - Children could not be placed in a special education class unless they scored lower than two standard deviations below the population mean on an approved IQ test administered in the child’s own language. In addition, it also stipulated that other assessment procedures must be used in addition to intelligence tests, and that parental permission must be obtained for such placements.

Question 21

Newport-Mesa SD v. State of California Department of ED

Answer 21

In May of 2005 Jack Anthony’s father requested copies of his son’s Woodcock Johnson test of Achievement III protocols prior to an IEP meeting. His request was denied by the school board on grounds of copyright infringement
Mr. Anthony then filed a complaint through the California Department of education, stating the district was out of compliance with California Education Code section 56504 by failing to provide Mr. Anthony with the requested records within five days.
The district then brought the case to court, again claiming copyright infringement. The court ruled in favor of Mr. Anthony stating providing protocols to parents fell under the Fair Use clause of copyright law.
Additionally districts are able to limit disclosure of protocols to parents by requiring them to sign nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements. Access can be limited to a review of records unless the records cannot be provided for review within 45 days, in which case parents are then able to receive copies of the records
Parents may also request protocols be sent to third party service providers such as community health providers. In this case any records sent to third parties must also be made available to parents at their request.

Question 22

Boulder Confrence

Answer 22

major purpose was to discuss procedures for evaluating and approving doctoral programs. increased emphasis on the idea of an applied psych as a professional scientist

Question 23

Spring Hill Symposium

Answer 23

focus was to dicuss providing appropriate services and training school psychs to meet the demand of society. organized to promote discussion and clarification of contemporary issues

Question 24

2022 conference on the future of school psych

Answer 24

attempted to broaden participation through multiple sites. six strategy domains. formation of school psych leadership roundtable

Question 25

Thayer Conference (1954)

Answer 25

first major conference specifically focused on school psych. Primarily addressed guild issues (ratio of school psychs to students, lack of training programs, credentialing), reccomendation=formaized definition of school psychs

Question 26

denial

Answer 26

denying that your doctors diagnosis of cancer is correct and seeking a second opinion

Question 27

displacement

Answer 27

yellinh at your spouse after an argument with your boss

Question 28

intellectualization

Answer 28

focusing on the detials of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief

Question 29

projection

Answer 29

when losing an argument you state “youre just stupid”

Question 30

rationalization

Answer 30

stating that you were fired because you didn’t kiss up to the bossm when the reason was your poor performance

Question 31

regression

Answer 31

throwing a temper tantrum when you don’t get your way

Question 32

Erikson Ages 3 to 6 initative vs guilt

Answer 32

confidence in oneself as initator vs feelings of lack of self-worth

Question 33

Erikson ages 6 - puberty competence vs. inferiority

Answer 33

adequcy in basic social/intellectual skills vs. low self-confidence

Question 34

Erikson adolescent-early adult indeity vs role confusion

Answer 34

comfortable sense of self vs. unclear sense of self

Question 35

Piaget ages 2-6 pre-operational stage

Answer 35

begins by being very egocentric. laguage and mental representation develops. objects are classified on just one characteristic

Question 36

piaget ages 7-12 concrete operations stage

Answer 36

develops conservation (volume, length, etc. ), organizes objects into ordered categories, starts to use basic logic, understands some rational terms (under, smaller)

Question 37

Piaget ages over 12 formal operations stage

Answer 37

thikning becomes increasingly symbolic. reasoning skills concept develops

Question 38

classical conditioning

Answer 38

the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus

Question 39

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 39

the term for a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learningu

Question 40

unconditioned response

Answer 40

reflexive resonse elcited bu a stimulus in the absence of learning

Question 41

conditioned response

Answer 41

the term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus

Question 42

extinction

Answer 42

when a conditioned stiumulus is repeatedly presented without the unconidtioned stimulus, the conditioned response disappears