Things For Science Test Lessons 5-6 Flashcards
Cell wall
A rigid layer of non living material that surrounds a plant cell. Supports and protects the cell, only found in plant cell
Cell membrane
The outermost living layer in cells. Helps give shape and support to the cell, permeable layer (materials can pass thought it), and regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
The liquid, jelly-like contents of the cell outside of the nucleus, provides support for the cell and its’ organelles, and living matter
Nucleus
Controls all of the cell activities, contains chromosomes which carry all of done genetic information for the cell
Chromosomes
Composed of proteins and DNA (genetic material)
● Genes that determine individual traits are located on the chromosomes.
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
is genetic information stored in the
nucleus of a cell.
● is like the “instruction manual” for
the cell.
Mitochondria
● THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.
● Place where nutrient molecules are
broken down to release energy.
● The more energy needed by a cell, the more mitochondria is is likely to have.
Ribosomes
Tiny knoblike particles in cells that manufacture (make) proteins.
● Many are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
● The proteins made by the ribosomes travel to other parts of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A series of interconnected passageways.
● Located around the nucleus.
● Serves as transportation and communication
network between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Golgi body
Flattened, curved sacs that package, sort, and distribute proteins to the proper locations inside and out of the cell.
● Located near the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Lysosomes
Sacs formed from Golgi Bodies. ● Contains digestive enzymes that break down nutrients. ● Also breaks down damaged cell parts.
Vacuoles
Membrane enclosed sacs in plant AND animal cells that store food, water, and minerals.
● Plant cells have large vacuole(s).
● Animal cells have smaller vacuoles.
Chloroplasts
Structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll.
● Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis to make glucose for plant.
Cell
The building block of all living things
Organelle
Means “tiny organs”. Parts of a cell that help it function
Plasmolysis
The fresh water inside the cell moves out and the cell membrane shrinks down away from the cell wall bringing with it all of the organelles
Flagellum
Whip like structure to propel the euglena in water
Cilia
Tiny hairs that help the paramecium swim
Daughter colony
They are little balls inside of adult coloney
Pseudopods
“False feet”
Oral groove
Mouth (sweeps food into it for the paramecium
All protist names
Euglena, Paramecium, Amoeba, and the Volvox
Protista
Latin name for protists
- How does a Volvox move?
2. How does it eat?
- Uses FLAGELLA (tiny tails) to help it ROLL
2. Autotroph- uses chloroplasts to make its’ own food via photosynthesis
- How does an Amoeba move?
2. How does it eat?
- Extends its’ Endoplasm, moves slowly, and pseudopods (“false feet”)
- Heterotroph- eats by engulfing its’ prey (other protists)
- How does a Paramecium move?
2. How does it eat?
- Uses CILIA, and it is fast
2. Heterotroph- sweeps prey into oral groove
- How does a Euglena move?
2. How does it eat?
- Uses flagellum
2. Heterotroph- consumes and autotroph- chloroplasts
What kingdom to protists belong to?
They belong to the fungi, animal, and plant
Plant like and animal like features of the volvox
Plant and animal- Daughter colonies
Live in colonies of up to 1,000 cells
Flagella around the colonies
HAS CHLOROPLASTS
Plant like and animal like features of the amoeba
ANIMAL-No definite shape
EXTENDS ENDOPLASM
Plant and animal like features of the paramecium
Animal- slipper shaped, cilia, oral groove
Plant and animal features of the euglena
Animal and plant- consumes other protists, eyespot: detect light, flagellum to propel, HAS CHLOROPLASTS
