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MSK > Thigh & Leg Anatomy > Flashcards

Thigh & Leg Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?
From which spinal nerves?

A

Femoral nerve

L2,3,4

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2
Q

What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?
From which spinal nerves?

A

Obturator

L2,3,4

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3
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

L4-S3

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4
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of thigh?

A 
Vastus medius
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
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5
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extensors of the knee

*Except sartorius which flexes both knee and hip

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6
Q

What muscles make up the “N” shape on the anterior thigh?

What sections do they divide the thigh muscles into?

A

Tensor Fascia Latae, Sartorius, Gracilis

Upper part is the inguinal triangle/adductor group
Lower part is the quadriceps muscle group

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7
Q

On what anatomical structure do you measure the knee reflex?

A

Patellar tendon/ligament

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8
Q

From anterior to posterior, what is the order of the three muscles that insert on the medial proximal part of the tibia, and what is this group called?

A

Muscles: Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus

Group: Pes Anserine

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9
Q

What dermatome covers the medial side of the knee?

A

L3

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10
Q

What dermatome covers the anterior side of the knee?

A

L4

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11
Q

What dermatome covers the heel?

A

S1

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12
Q

What dermatome covers the 1st interdigital area in feet?

A

L5

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13
Q

What are the two main branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve & Common fibular nerve

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14
Q

What muscles are found in the femoral/inguinal triangle?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
Adductor longus

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15
Q

What is the medial line on the femur where the muscles attach to?
What group of muscles attach here?

A

Linea aspera

Adductor muscles in medial compartment of thigh (except gracilis which inserts on the tibia)

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16
Q

What muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Pectineus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
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17
Q

What muscles insert onto the tibial tuberosity?

What is the function of these muscles

A

Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus Longus
Rectus femoris

Fxn: knee extension

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18
Q

What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular & tibial nerves

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19
Q

What nerve originates from L2-L3?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.

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20
Q

What innervates the medial side of the leg and foot?

A

Great saphenous nerve

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21
Q

What forms the lumbar plexus?

A

Anterior rami of L1-L4

22
Q

How/where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?

A

Deep to the inguinal ligament

23
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A
  • anterior thigh muscles

- skin of anterior and medial thigh

24
Q

What branches from the femoral nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

25
Q

What innervates all the muscles on the posterior leg?

- What else does this nerve innervate?

A

Tibial nerve

- innervates muscles on posterior leg and sole of foot

26
Q

Which muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee?

- what nerve innervates it?

A

Popliteus muscle

- innervated by tibial nerve

27
Q

What are the main compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior (deep & superficial)

28
Q

What muscles are found in the superficial part of the posterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius & Soleus (together called “triceps surea”)

29
Q

What muscles are found in the deep part of the posterior leg?

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
30
Q

When does the femoral artery become something else?

- what does it become?

A

Femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus (in the adductor magnus).

31
Q

What are the branches of the popliteal artery?

A

Anterior Tibial Artery and Posterior Tibial Artery (which has the fibular/peroneal artery branching off of it)

32
Q

What artery branches into the plantar arteries?

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

33
Q

What is the superficial vein on the posterior leg?

A

Small saphenous vein

34
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run?

A

Medial leg and thigh (passes posterior to knee)

35
Q

What nerve branches from the tibial nerve and joins with a communicating branch from the common fibular nerve?

  • what does it innervate?
  • from which spinal segments does it arise?
A

Sural nerve

  • innervates posterolateral side of leg and lateral side of foot
  • arises from L5-S2
36
Q

What muscles are found in the lateral leg compartment?

A

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus & Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

37
Q

What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

38
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • fibularis (peroneus) tertius
  • tibialis anterior
39
Q

What is the innervation for the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

40
Q

What does the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve supply?

A

Fibularis brevis & longus; skin of dorsum of foot (except for first interdigital cleft)

41
Q

What is the function of the fibularis tertius?

A

dorsiflexion & eversion of foot

42
Q

What is the function of the tibialis anterior?

A

dorsiflexion & inversion of foot

43
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius?

A

Abduction of hip joint

44
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extension of hip

45
Q

What is the action of the iliopsoas?

A

Flexion

46
Q

What is the function of the deep peroneal nerve?

A

Dorsiflexion & Inversion of foot; extension of hallux.

Sensory to 1st web space.

47
Q

What is the function of the superficial peroneal nerve?

A

Ankle eversion and sensory to dorsum of foot

48
Q

What attaches to the ASIS?

A

Sartorius

49
Q

What attaches to the AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)?

A

Rectus Femoris

50
Q

What is the origin of the muscles in the posterior thigh?

A

Ischial tuberosity (and the short head of the biceps femoris attaches to the shaft of the femur)

51
Q

What ligament attaches to the medial malleolus?

A

Deltoid ligament

MSK (11 decks)

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