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Medical Anatomy- Spring > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Greater trochanter

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2
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Lesser Trochanter

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3
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Gluteal Tuberosity

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4
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Lateral Epicondyle

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5
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Medial epicondyle

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6
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Medial Condyle

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7
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Lateral Condyle

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8
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Body (or Shaft)

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9
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Greater trochanter

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10
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Femur neck

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11
Q

Identify the part of femur

A

Femur Head

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12
Q

The angle the head and neck of femur makes the long axis of the femur body is called?

A

Angle of inclination

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13
Q

What is good about the angle of inclination in the femur?

A

Allows greater mobility of femur at hip joint

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14
Q

What is bad about the angle of inclination in the femur?

A

Considerable strain on the femur neck

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15
Q

What is the “ugly” about the angle of inclination in the femur?

A

slight fall may cause fracture of neck in older people (if weakened by osteoporosis)

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16
Q

The angle of inclination aloows you to determine prescence or abscence of what?

A

shortening of limb (coxa vara)

lengthening of other limb (coxa valga)

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17
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Pectineus

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18
Q

Action of pectineus muscle

A

adducts and flexes thigh

assists in medial rotation of thigh

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19
Q

Innervation of pectineus muscle

A

Femoral nerve

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20
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Iliopsoas (created by iliacus and psoas major muscles)

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21
Q

Action of iliopsoas muscle

A

chief flexor of thigh

postural muscle that is active during standing by preventing hyperextension of hip joint

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22
Q

Innervation of Iliopsoas muscle

A

Femoral nerve (iliacus)

Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (psoas major)

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23
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Tensor of Fascia Lata

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24
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Tensor of Fascia Lata

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25
Q

Action of Tensor Fascia Lata muscle

A

Flexes thigh (acts with iliopsoas)

Medial rotation of thigh (with g. medius and minimus)

Tenses fascia lata and iliotibial tract (help support femur on tibia when standing)

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26
Q

Innervation of tensor fascia lata muscle

A

superior gluteal nerve

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27
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Sartorius

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28
Q

Action of sartorius muscle

A

flexes hip joint

Flexes knee

Weakly abducts and laterally rotates thigh

None of these actions are strong needs other muscles to help

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29
Q

Innervation of sartorius muscle

A

Femoral nerve

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30
Q

Describe the tensor of fascia lata muscle

A

fusiform muscle enclosed between 2 layers of fascia lata

actually a gluteal muscle because its innervated by superior gluteal nerve

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31
Q

Where does tensor fascia lata muscle insert

A

inserts into iliotibial tract

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32
Q

Identify the muscle group

A

Quadriceps femoris

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33
Q

Describe the quadriceps muscles

A

“four-headed” muscle

main bulk of anterior thigh muscles

largest and one of the most powerful muscles in the body

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34
Q

Identify the muscle

A

rectus femoris

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35
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Vastus medialis

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36
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Vastus lateralis

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37
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Vastus intermedius

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38
Q

All 4 parts of quadriceps femoris muscles combine to form

A

1 quadriceps tendon (patellar tendon)

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39
Q

Action of quadriceps femoris muscles

A

Great extensor of leg (important during climbing, running, jumping, rising from sitting position, and walking up/down stairs)

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40
Q

Innervation of quadricep femoris muscles

A

Femoral nerve

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41
Q

What is unique about the rectus femoris muscle

A

crosses 2 joints: flexes thigh at hip joint (assists iliopsoas) and extends leg

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42
Q

Action of rectus femoris muscle

A

flexes thigh at hip joint (assists iliopsoas) and extends leg rectus = “straight” “kicking muscle”

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43
Q

If you had paralysis of the quadriceps femoris then…

A

cannot extend leg against resistance

usually presses on distal end of thigh during walking to prevent inadvertent flexion of knee joint

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44
Q

Identify the structure

A

quadriceps femoris tendon

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45
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Adductor longus

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46
Q

Describe adductor longus muscle

A

large, fan-shaped muscle

most anterior of the adductor group

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47
Q

Action of adductor longus muscle

A

adducts thigh

48
Q

Innervation of adductor longus muscle

A

Obturator nerve

49
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Adductor brevis

50
Q

Describe the adductor brevis muscle

A

lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus

largely covered by adductor longus

51
Q

Action of adductor brevis

A

Adducts thigh (and some flexion)

52
Q

Innervation of adductor brevis

A

Obturator nerve note: obturator nerve will lie right on top of adductor brevis

53
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Adductor magnus

54
Q

Describe the adductor magnus muscle

A

largest muscle in adductor group

triangular muscle with 2 parts: adductor part, Hamstring part

55
Q

Action of adductor magnus muscle

A

adducts thigh

56
Q

Action of adductor magnus adductor part of muscle

A

flexes thigh

57
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus adductor part of muscle

A

Obturator nerve

58
Q

Action of adductor magnus hamstring part of muscle

A

extends thigh

59
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus hamstring part of muscle

A

tibial nerve

60
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Gracilis

61
Q

Describe gracilis muscle

A

long, strap-like muscle\

lies on medial side of thigh anf knee

62
Q

Action of gracilis muscle

A

Adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

Most superficial and weakest of adductor group and only adductor that crosses knee joint so acts on 2 joint

63
Q

Innervation of Gracilis muscle

A

Obturator nerve

64
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Obturator externus

65
Q

Describe obturator externus muscle

A

flat, small, fan-shaped muscle

deeply placed

66
Q

Action of obturator externus muscle

A

laterally rotates thigh

steadies head of femur

67
Q

Innervation of obturator externus muscle

A

Obturator nerve

68
Q

Identify the muscle

A

Semitendinosus

69
Q

Identify the musle

A

Semimembranosus

70
Q

Describe the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles

A

fusiform belly with a long, cord-like tendon

71
Q

Action of semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles

A

Both muscles extend thigh;

flex leg and rotate it medially when knee flexed;

when thigh and leg flexed, extend trunk

72
Q

Innervation of semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles

A

tibial nerve

73
Q

Identify the muscle

A

biceps femoris

74
Q

Describe biceps femoris muscle

A

fusiform muscle with 2 heads (short and long)

long head provides protection for sciatic nerve

75
Q

Action of biceps femoris muscles

A

flexes knee and leg and rotates it laterally when knee flexed; extends thigh (eg when standing to walk)

76
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris long head

A

tibial nerve

77
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris muscle short head

A

common fibular (peroneal) nerve

78
Q

Is the short head of biceps femoris considered hamstrings?

A

No, because hamstring muscles arise from ischial tuberosity

79
Q

What is this anatomical location

A

Femoral triangle

80
Q

Name the boundary of the femoral triangle shown

A

Inguinal ligament

81
Q

Name the boundary of the femoral triangle shown

A

sartorius

82
Q

Name the boundary of the femoral triangle shown

A

Adductor longus

83
Q

The boundaries of the femoral triangle are

A

Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus

84
Q

Identify the nerve and spinal segments it arises from

A

Femoral nerve, L2-L4, largest branch of lumbar plexus

85
Q

What is the course of the femoral nerve

A

forms in abdomen-> descends lateral to psoas major-> passes deep to inguinal ligament-> enters triangle, lateral to femoral vessels

86
Q

The femoral nerves supplies

A

anterior thigh muscles and skin of anteromedial thigh, leg, and foot

87
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, artery, vein, and empty space with lymphatics (NAVEL)

88
Q

What structures are contained in the femoral sheath?

A

femoral vessels and femoral canal, does NOT enclose femoral nerve

89
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath and what are their contents?

A

Lateral compartment: femoral artery

Intermediate compartment: femoral vein

Medial compartment: femoral canal

90
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?

A

Lateral: femoral vein

Posterior: pubis

Medial: lacunar ligament

Anterior: Inguinal ligament

91
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

small opening of femoral canal, about 1 cm

92
Q

Describe femoral hernia

A

A protrusion of abdominal viscera (eg loop of small bowel) through femoral ring into femoral canal

Appears as tender mass in femoral triangle (inferior to inguinal ligament)

Can enlarge bypassing through saphenous opening into superficial fascia

93
Q

Identify the vessel

A

Femoral artery

94
Q

Femoral artery course

A

continuation of external iliac artery begins deep to inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral vein (in lateral compartment of femoral sheath)-> descends thigh and enters adductor canal, deep to sartorius-> exits adductor canal through adductor hiatus-> becomes popliteal artery

95
Q

Identify the structure/tunnel

A

beginning of adductor canal

begins where sartorius crosses over the adductor longus

96
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

narrow fasical tunnel

Provides intermuscular passageway for femoral vessels to pass to popliteal area (and becomes popliteal vessels)

97
Q

What are the boundaries of adductor canal?

A

anterior and lateral: vastus medialis

Posterior: adductors longus and magnus

Medial: sartorius

98
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A

femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve

99
Q

Identify the structure

A

adductor hiatus

runs from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in tendon of adductor magnus

100
Q

Do nerves pass through the adductor hiatus?

A

No, only vessels pass through the adductor hiatus

101
Q

Identify the vessel

A

femoral artery

102
Q

Identify the vessel

A

deep artery of the thigh

103
Q

Identify the vessel

A

lateral circumflex femoral artery

104
Q

Identify the vessel

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

105
Q

Identify the vessel and describe its course

A

Femoral vein, continuation of popliteal vein, in intermediate compartment of femoral sheath, ends posterior to inguinal ligament to become external iliac vein

106
Q

Identify the nerve

A

obturator nerve

107
Q

Describe the boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

Superior laterally: biceps femoris

Superior medially: semimembranosus

Inferomedially: medial head of gastrocnemius

Inferolaterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius

plantaris in inferior

108
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, sciatic nerve ends at superior angle, divides into tibial and common fibular nerves

109
Q

ID

A

Popliteal artery

110
Q

ID

A

popliteal vein

111
Q

ID

A

Sciatic nerve

112
Q

ID

A

common fibular (peroneal) nerve

113
Q

ID

A

tibial nerve

114
Q

Describe the general action, innervation and blood supply of the posterior compartment of thigh

A

extensors of thigh and flexors of leg;

tibial nerve;

Deep artery of the thigh

115
Q

Describe the general action, innervation and blood supply of the medial compartment of thigh

A

adductor of thigh;

obturator nerve;

deep artery of the thigh and obturator artery

116
Q

Describe the general action, innervation and blood supply of the anterior compartment of thigh

A

flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee;

femoral nerve;

deep artery of the thigh

Medical Anatomy- Spring (8 decks)

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