Thigh Flashcards
Identify the part of femur
Greater trochanter
Identify the part of femur
Lesser Trochanter
Identify the part of femur
Gluteal Tuberosity
Identify the part of femur
Lateral Epicondyle
Identify the part of femur
Medial epicondyle
Identify the part of femur
Medial Condyle
Identify the part of femur
Lateral Condyle
Identify the part of femur
Body (or Shaft)
Identify the part of femur
Greater trochanter
Identify the part of femur
Femur neck
Identify the part of femur
Femur Head
The angle the head and neck of femur makes the long axis of the femur body is called?
Angle of inclination
What is good about the angle of inclination in the femur?
Allows greater mobility of femur at hip joint
What is bad about the angle of inclination in the femur?
Considerable strain on the femur neck
What is the “ugly” about the angle of inclination in the femur?
slight fall may cause fracture of neck in older people (if weakened by osteoporosis)
The angle of inclination aloows you to determine prescence or abscence of what?
shortening of limb (coxa vara)
lengthening of other limb (coxa valga)
Identify the muscle
Pectineus
Action of pectineus muscle
adducts and flexes thigh
assists in medial rotation of thigh
Innervation of pectineus muscle
Femoral nerve
Identify the muscle
Iliopsoas (created by iliacus and psoas major muscles)
Action of iliopsoas muscle
chief flexor of thigh
postural muscle that is active during standing by preventing hyperextension of hip joint
Innervation of Iliopsoas muscle
Femoral nerve (iliacus)
Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (psoas major)
Identify the muscle
Tensor of Fascia Lata
Identify the muscle
Tensor of Fascia Lata
Action of Tensor Fascia Lata muscle
Flexes thigh (acts with iliopsoas)
Medial rotation of thigh (with g. medius and minimus)
Tenses fascia lata and iliotibial tract (help support femur on tibia when standing)
Innervation of tensor fascia lata muscle
superior gluteal nerve
Identify the muscle
Sartorius
Action of sartorius muscle
flexes hip joint
Flexes knee
Weakly abducts and laterally rotates thigh
None of these actions are strong needs other muscles to help
Innervation of sartorius muscle
Femoral nerve
Describe the tensor of fascia lata muscle
fusiform muscle enclosed between 2 layers of fascia lata
actually a gluteal muscle because its innervated by superior gluteal nerve
Where does tensor fascia lata muscle insert
inserts into iliotibial tract
Identify the muscle group
Quadriceps femoris
Describe the quadriceps muscles
“four-headed” muscle
main bulk of anterior thigh muscles
largest and one of the most powerful muscles in the body
Identify the muscle
rectus femoris
Identify the muscle
Vastus medialis
Identify the muscle
Vastus lateralis
Identify the muscle
Vastus intermedius
All 4 parts of quadriceps femoris muscles combine to form
1 quadriceps tendon (patellar tendon)
Action of quadriceps femoris muscles
Great extensor of leg (important during climbing, running, jumping, rising from sitting position, and walking up/down stairs)
Innervation of quadricep femoris muscles
Femoral nerve
What is unique about the rectus femoris muscle
crosses 2 joints: flexes thigh at hip joint (assists iliopsoas) and extends leg
Action of rectus femoris muscle
flexes thigh at hip joint (assists iliopsoas) and extends leg rectus = “straight” “kicking muscle”
If you had paralysis of the quadriceps femoris then…
cannot extend leg against resistance
usually presses on distal end of thigh during walking to prevent inadvertent flexion of knee joint
Identify the structure
quadriceps femoris tendon
Identify the muscle
Adductor longus
Describe adductor longus muscle
large, fan-shaped muscle
most anterior of the adductor group
Action of adductor longus muscle
adducts thigh
Innervation of adductor longus muscle
Obturator nerve
Identify the muscle
Adductor brevis
Describe the adductor brevis muscle
lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus
largely covered by adductor longus
Action of adductor brevis
Adducts thigh (and some flexion)
Innervation of adductor brevis
Obturator nerve note: obturator nerve will lie right on top of adductor brevis
Identify the muscle
Adductor magnus
Describe the adductor magnus muscle
largest muscle in adductor group
triangular muscle with 2 parts: adductor part, Hamstring part
Action of adductor magnus muscle
adducts thigh
Action of adductor magnus adductor part of muscle
flexes thigh
Innervation of adductor magnus adductor part of muscle
Obturator nerve
Action of adductor magnus hamstring part of muscle
extends thigh
Innervation of adductor magnus hamstring part of muscle
tibial nerve
Identify the muscle
Gracilis
Describe gracilis muscle
long, strap-like muscle\
lies on medial side of thigh anf knee
Action of gracilis muscle
Adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg
Most superficial and weakest of adductor group and only adductor that crosses knee joint so acts on 2 joint
Innervation of Gracilis muscle
Obturator nerve
Identify the muscle
Obturator externus
Describe obturator externus muscle
flat, small, fan-shaped muscle
deeply placed
Action of obturator externus muscle
laterally rotates thigh
steadies head of femur
Innervation of obturator externus muscle
Obturator nerve
Identify the muscle
Semitendinosus
Identify the musle
Semimembranosus
Describe the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles
fusiform belly with a long, cord-like tendon
Action of semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles
Both muscles extend thigh;
flex leg and rotate it medially when knee flexed;
when thigh and leg flexed, extend trunk
Innervation of semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles
tibial nerve
Identify the muscle
biceps femoris
Describe biceps femoris muscle
fusiform muscle with 2 heads (short and long)
long head provides protection for sciatic nerve
Action of biceps femoris muscles
flexes knee and leg and rotates it laterally when knee flexed; extends thigh (eg when standing to walk)
Innervation of biceps femoris long head
tibial nerve
Innervation of biceps femoris muscle short head
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Is the short head of biceps femoris considered hamstrings?
No, because hamstring muscles arise from ischial tuberosity
What is this anatomical location
Femoral triangle
Name the boundary of the femoral triangle shown
Inguinal ligament
Name the boundary of the femoral triangle shown
sartorius
Name the boundary of the femoral triangle shown
Adductor longus
The boundaries of the femoral triangle are
Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
Identify the nerve and spinal segments it arises from
Femoral nerve, L2-L4, largest branch of lumbar plexus
What is the course of the femoral nerve
forms in abdomen-> descends lateral to psoas major-> passes deep to inguinal ligament-> enters triangle, lateral to femoral vessels
The femoral nerves supplies
anterior thigh muscles and skin of anteromedial thigh, leg, and foot
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve, artery, vein, and empty space with lymphatics (NAVEL)
What structures are contained in the femoral sheath?
femoral vessels and femoral canal, does NOT enclose femoral nerve
What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath and what are their contents?
Lateral compartment: femoral artery
Intermediate compartment: femoral vein
Medial compartment: femoral canal
What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?
Lateral: femoral vein
Posterior: pubis
Medial: lacunar ligament
Anterior: Inguinal ligament
What is the femoral ring?
small opening of femoral canal, about 1 cm
Describe femoral hernia
A protrusion of abdominal viscera (eg loop of small bowel) through femoral ring into femoral canal
Appears as tender mass in femoral triangle (inferior to inguinal ligament)
Can enlarge bypassing through saphenous opening into superficial fascia
Identify the vessel
Femoral artery
Femoral artery course
continuation of external iliac artery begins deep to inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral vein (in lateral compartment of femoral sheath)-> descends thigh and enters adductor canal, deep to sartorius-> exits adductor canal through adductor hiatus-> becomes popliteal artery
Identify the structure/tunnel
beginning of adductor canal
begins where sartorius crosses over the adductor longus
What is the adductor canal?
narrow fasical tunnel
Provides intermuscular passageway for femoral vessels to pass to popliteal area (and becomes popliteal vessels)
What are the boundaries of adductor canal?
anterior and lateral: vastus medialis
Posterior: adductors longus and magnus
Medial: sartorius
What are the contents of the femoral canal?
femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve
Identify the structure
adductor hiatus
runs from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in tendon of adductor magnus
Do nerves pass through the adductor hiatus?
No, only vessels pass through the adductor hiatus
Identify the vessel
femoral artery
Identify the vessel
deep artery of the thigh
Identify the vessel
lateral circumflex femoral artery
Identify the vessel
medial circumflex femoral artery
Identify the vessel and describe its course
Femoral vein, continuation of popliteal vein, in intermediate compartment of femoral sheath, ends posterior to inguinal ligament to become external iliac vein
Identify the nerve
obturator nerve
Describe the boundaries of the popliteal fossa
Superior laterally: biceps femoris
Superior medially: semimembranosus
Inferomedially: medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolaterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius
plantaris in inferior
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, sciatic nerve ends at superior angle, divides into tibial and common fibular nerves
ID
Popliteal artery
ID
popliteal vein
ID
Sciatic nerve
ID
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
ID
tibial nerve
Describe the general action, innervation and blood supply of the posterior compartment of thigh
extensors of thigh and flexors of leg;
tibial nerve;
Deep artery of the thigh
Describe the general action, innervation and blood supply of the medial compartment of thigh
adductor of thigh;
obturator nerve;
deep artery of the thigh and obturator artery
Describe the general action, innervation and blood supply of the anterior compartment of thigh
flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee;
femoral nerve;
deep artery of the thigh
