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Passive Care Exam Two > Thermotherapy > Flashcards

Thermotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What forms of heat therapy involve direct contact?

A

1 hydrocollator packs

2 paraffin bath

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2
Q

What forms of heat therapy involve convection?

A

1 whirlpool

2 fluidotherapy

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3
Q

What form of heat therapy would involve radiation?

A

Infrared lamps (transfer of heat from warmer surface to cool though air/vacuum)

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4
Q

How is heat therapy done through conversion?

A

Heat is generated through another energy form

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5
Q

What forms of heat therapy involve conversion?

A

1 ultrasound

2 diathermy

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6
Q

What two things makes deep heating difficult?

A

Subcutaneous fat and skin pain

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7
Q

How does thermotherapy relieve pain?

A

Counterirritation (pain gating) similar to cryotherapy

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8
Q

How does thermotherapy increase joint mobility?

A

Decreases joint viscosity and viscoelasticity of muscles, tendons, and ligaments

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9
Q

How psychological effect is possible through heat therapy?

A

Calming/sedating effect

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10
Q

How does heat therapy reduce muscle spasms?

A

Decreased gamma motor neuron activity

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11
Q

What effect does heat therapy have on tissue healing?

A

Enhances it via vasodilation and increased cell metabolism

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12
Q

According to the literature, thermotherapy has been seen to possible be better than what common pain treatment at creating an analgesic effect?

A

Ibuprofen

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13
Q

What kind of thermotherapy has been shown to be effective for low back pain? For reducing myofascial pain?

A

Low back pain = long duration low level heat

Myofascial pain = shorter duration moist heat

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14
Q

Various studies have shown what structural change to muscle through thermotherapy?

A

Increased muscle length

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15
Q

What are the indications for thermotherapy?

A

1 pain
2 muscle spasm
3 osteoarthritis
4 rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

What are the contraindications for heat therapy?

A 
1 areas of impaired heat sensation
2 malignancy
3 thrombophlebitis
4 hemorrhage
5 abdomen, pelvis, low back in pregnancy
6 acute inflammatory conditions
7 confused/unreliable patients
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17
Q

What are the precautions for heat therapy?

A 
1 impaired circulation
2 over wounds
3 severe cardiac insufficiency
4  over superficial metal implants
5 may cause decreased motor skill and reaction time
6 can increase fever
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18
Q

What is the temperature range for hydrocollators?

A

158-169 degrees F

70-76 degrees C

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19
Q

What is the substance contained in the canvas pouches of heat packs?

A

Silicate gel

20
Q

How many layers of towels are necessary to cover a hydrocollator?

A

6-8 layers of towels

21
Q

How many layers is a Terry cover?

A

4

22
Q

What is the treatment time for a hydrocollator pack?

A

20 minutes

23
Q

What is the appropriate temperature for a warm whirlpool?

A

86-100 degrees F

30-38 degrees C

24
Q

What is the relationship between thickness of body part and temperature of warm whirlpool?

A

As body part thickness increases, temperature decreases

25
Q

What is the treatment time for a warm whirlpool?

A

10-45 minutes

26
Q

During what trimester of pregnancy is a warm whirlpool not recommended?

A

1st (also with MS, fever, or incontinence)

27
Q

What is the name of the plastic or stainless steel bath that fits over a conventional toilet bowl and is used for stalking the perianal/anal area for pain and itching?

A

Sitz bath

28
Q

What is the temperature range for a Sitz bath?

A

72-100 degrees F

22-38 degrees C

29
Q

What is the recommended Paraffin to mineral oil mixture ratio?

A

6:1

30
Q

What is the temperature range for a Paraffin bath?

A

124-129 degrees F

51-54 degrees C

31
Q

How many times should the hand be dipped in a Paraffin bath (both immersion and dipping)?

A

6-10 times (then placed in plastic bag with towel over)

32
Q

What is the treatment time for all Paraffin bath techniques?

A

30 minutes

33
Q

What are the three techniques for a Paraffin bath?

A

Immersion, Brushing, and Dipping

34
Q

How many layers are necessary for the Paraffin-Brushing technique?

A

7-10

35
Q

What is the treatment time for fluidotherapy?

A

30 minutes

36
Q

What is the benefit for fluidotherapy?

A

Can do active exercise within machine

37
Q

What is the treatment time for infrared lamp therapy?

A

15-20 minutes

38
Q

What law represents how the intensity caries with the inverse square of the distance between the bulb of infrared lamp therapy and the skin?

A

Inverse square law

39
Q

According to the inverse square law, how much more heat will be present with half the perpendicular distance of treatment?

A

4X

40
Q

Which law represents the intensity of heat decreasing with change from the perpendicular level?

A

The Cosine Law

41
Q

If the cosine of 30 degrees is 86, then what is the intensity of heat at 30 degrees from the original perpendicular plane?

A

86% of original intensity

42
Q

A contrast bath is used during which phase of healing?

A

Subacute

43
Q

What type of treatment enables a transition between cold modalities to warm ones?

A

Contrast bath

44
Q

When doing a contrast bath, for how long should each modality last when alternating? The overall treatment time?

A

1-4 minutes alternating (overall = 20-30 minutes)

45
Q

Topical counterirritants like BioFreeze are thought to work by inhibiting pain via what types of fibers?

A

A-delta and c-afferent fibers

46
Q

What substances are contained in topical counterirritants like Ben Gay and BioFreeze?

A

1 menthol from peppermint oil
2 methyl salicylate from wintergreen oil
3 camphor
4 capsaicin from hot peppers

47
Q

Can topical counterirritants reach deep tissues to cause temperature changes?

A

NO proof

Passive Care Exam Two (2 decks)

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