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Passive Care Exam Two > Cryotherapy > Flashcards

Cryotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of mechanism of heat transfer it utilized with ice massage, cold packs, ice bath, and cold water circulation cuffs?

A

Conduction

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2
Q

What kind of mechanism of heat transfer it utilized with a cold whirlpool?

A

Convection

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3
Q

What is convection?

A

Air or water particles moving across the body part causing cooling

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4
Q

How does conduction transfer heat?

A

Direct contact

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5
Q

What kind of mechanism of heat transfer it utilized with a vapocoolant spray?

A

Evaporation

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6
Q

What is cryotherapy?

A

Application of cold for therapeutic purposes

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7
Q

What is cryokinetics?

A

A combination of cold and exercise in the form of treatment

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8
Q

What is another name for Cold Induced VasoDilation (CIVD)?

A

Hunting response (Hunting-Lewis response)

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9
Q

What is CIVD?

A

Increase in tissue temperature during cold therapy (approximately 15 minutes into treatment)

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10
Q

What are the goals of cryotherapy?

A

1 relieve/decrease pain
2 decrease blood flow/metabolism
3 protect injured tissue
4 decrease muscle spasm

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11
Q

How does cryotherapy decrease muscle spasms?

A

By decreasing gamma motor neuron, GTO, and muscle spindle activity

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12
Q

How does cryotherapy decrease pain?

A

Activating thermoreceptors to decrease nociceptor conduction velocity (counterirritation)

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13
Q

How does cryotherapy decrease edema?

A

By reducing free proteins

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14
Q

How does cryotherapy minimize secondary tissue damage?

A

By decreasing blood flow and cell metabolism (longer survival of hypoxic tissue)

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15
Q

What are the contraindications for cryotherapy?

A 
1 impaired cold sensation
2 cold-induced urticaria (cold allergy)
3 Raynaud's disease
4 cryoglobulinemia
5 paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
6 open wounds
7 peripheral vascular disease
8 confused/unreliable patients
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16
Q

What is the condition involving an allergic reaction to cold exposure?

A

Cold urticaria

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17
Q

Raynaud’s is more common in what gender?

A

Females

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18
Q

What is cryoglobinemia?

A

Abnormal clumping of plasma proteins stimulated by cold application

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19
Q

Cryoglobinemia is associated with what other conditions and pathologies?

A 
1 multiple myeloma
2 Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
3 chronic liver disease
4 infections (hepatitis)
5 connective tissue diseases like SLE or Sjogren's
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20
Q

What is cold induced hemoglobinuria (AKA paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria)?

A

When cold temperature activates antibodies to RBCs causing lysis

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of cold induced hemoglobinuria?

A

Darkened urine (excess hemoglobin from lysis) and back pain

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22
Q

Acute cold induced hemoglobinuria usually affects what age population and when?

A

Young children following acute viral or upper respiratory illness

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23
Q

Chronic cold induced hemoglobinuria usually affects what age population?

A

Elderly

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24
Q

What are the risk factors associated with cryotherapy?

A 
1 impaired circulation
2 thoracic area in patients with coronary artery disease
3 hypertensive patients
4 cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory disorders
5 superficial peripheral nerves
6 hemiplegic
7 very young/very old
8 obesity
25
Q

What are the four sensations of cryotherapy in order as they appear?

A 
Cold
Burning
Aching
Numbness
(CBAN)
26
Q

What type of ice is best used for cryotherapy?

A

Crushed ice

27
Q

How fill must a bag be filled with ice when being used for treatment?

A

Half full or less

28
Q

How long should ice bags and gel packs be applied?

A

10-20 minutes

29
Q

Which is considered more effective: ice bags or gel packs?

30
Q

What are the usual temperature levels for a cold whirlpool?

A

50-60 degrees F

10-15 degrees C

31
Q

What is the treatment time for a cold whirlpool?

A

15-20 minutes

32
Q

What are the advantages of using a cold whirlpool?

A

1 surrounds entire joint

2 can do active exercises while cooling tissue (cryokinetics)

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a cold whirlpool?

A

1 part can’t be elevated

2 not ideal for acute situation

34
Q

At what temperature could a bucket of cold water be used to cool tissue in the same manner as an ice pack?

A

40-50 degrees F

4-10 degrees C

35
Q

What is term for the warmer layer of water that forms around the body part in a cold whirlpool due to constant circulation?

A

Thermopane

36
Q

What is the ratio of ice to water for a good ice bath?

37
Q

What is the approximate treatment time for an ice bath?

A

8-20 minutes

38
Q

What is the treatment time for an ice massage (CryoCup/styrofoam cups)?

A

5-10 minutes or until numbness (10 minutes max)

39
Q

Is the ice massage technique used for small or large treatment areas?

A

Small (superficial areas and bony prominences)

40
Q

Is ice massage used more for acute or chronic situations?

A

Chronic (compression is needed for acute situations)

41
Q

How can ice massage be used for trigger points?

A

Desensitization

42
Q

What is the benefit with using a controlled continuous cold unit post surgery?

A

Provides compression, as well

43
Q

Where in the skin does temperature change take place with the use of vapocoolant sprays?

A

Above the epidermis (NOT BELOW)

44
Q

How can vapocoolant sprays be effective in trigger point therapy?

A

Numbs the area temporarily

45
Q

What are the indications for vapocoolant sprays?

A

1 trigger points
2 muscle spasms
3 decreased ROM

46
Q

What are the chemical types of vapocoolant sprays?

A

Fluoromethane or ethylchloride

47
Q

What are the precautions associated with vapocoolant sprays?

A

1 can cause frostbite
2 ethyl chloride is extremely flammable
3 ethyl chloride becomes a general anesthetic when inhaled
4 based on tradition instead of fact

48
Q

What are the contraindications for vapocoolant sprays?

A

1 allergy
2 open wounds
3 post surgical
4 eyes

49
Q

Why is it dangerous to ice the skin too much?

A

Skin takes energy as heat from deeper tissues

50
Q

What is the usual ratio for treatment time to re-warming time for cryotherapy?

A

1:2 (more re-warming time)

51
Q

Why does an ice bath produce a greater reduction in interarticular temperature?

A

More surface area exposed to the cold

52
Q

What layer of tissue has a big impact on the depth that is able to be reached through cryotherapy?

A

Subcutaneous adipose

53
Q

What can make the re-warming process quicker?

A

Engagement in activity

54
Q

What are the indications for cryotherapy?

A

1 pain
2 spasm
3 acute injury
4 chronic and inflammatory arthritis

55
Q

How does cryotherapy affect vertical jump and muscle contraction strength?

56
Q

How does cryotherapy affect proprioception, balance, and agility?

A

Mixed evidence

57
Q

When icing before sports participation, what step is important to remember?

A

Rewarming of tissues

58
Q

How many times can cryokinetics be repeated?

Passive Care Exam Two (2 decks)

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