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NS205 Nursing Fundamentals > Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

Thermoregulation

A

The body process that balances heat production and heat loss to maintain the body’s temperature

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2
Q

Heat balance

A

When the amount of heat produced by the body equals the amount of heat lost

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3
Q

Hyperthermia

A

The body produces more heat than is lost

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4
Q

Hypothermia

A

The body loses more heat than it produces

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5
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

The rate of energy utilization the body requires to maintain essential activities such as breathing

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6
Q

Thyroxine output

A

Increased thyroxine output increases the rate of cellular metabolism throughout the body. An effect called chemical thermogenesis.

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7
Q

Chemical thermogenesis

A

The stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular metabolism

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8
Q

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and sympathetic stimulation/stress response

A

Neurotransmitters that mount a sympathetic nervous system response that can immediately increase the rate of cellular metabolism in many body tissues. Epi and Norepi directly affect liver and muscle cells, thereby increasing cellular metabolism

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9
Q

Fever

A

A protective immune response to foreign antigens within the body that increases the cellular metabolic rate, thus increasing the body’s temperature

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10
Q

Conduction

A

The process of heat transfer through physical contact of one surface with another surface.

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11
Q

Convection

A

The process of heat transfer through the fluid motion of air or water across the skin.

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12
Q

Radiation

A

The process of heat transfer with no physical contact.

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13
Q

Evaporation

A

The process of converting water to a vapor. The evaporation of sweat is a natural process to cool a heated body

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14
Q

Homeothermic

A

Newbors attempt to stabilize their core body temperature within a narrow range in spite of significant temp variations in their environment.
`

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15
Q

Normothermia

A

The usual range of body temperature

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16
Q

The normal temperature range for adults

A

Between 36-37.5 degrees celsius, 96.8-99.5 degree fahrenheit

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17
Q

Febrile

A

A patient who has a fever

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18
Q

Afebrile

A

A patient who does not have a fever

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19
Q

The 3 physiological mechanisms of hypothermia are:

A
  1. Excessive heat loss
  2. Inadequate heat production to conteract heat loss
  3. Impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation
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20
Q

Hypothermic temperatures are below..

A

36 degrees celsius (96.8 F)

At about 34 C (93.2 F) the body cannot function and death occurs

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21
Q

Extremely high temps of 41-42 C (105.8-108F) cause..

A

cell protein coagulation and cell death. In the brain, this produces irreversible damage.

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22
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

A potentially fatal inherited disorder that produces a serious reaction to volatile inhalational anesthetic gases and succinylcholine, a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

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23
Q

Factors that increase the risk of hyperthermia

A

Age
Obesity
Medication
Unfamiliarity with a climate

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24
Q

Signs of hyperthermia

A

Paleness
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Fainting

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25
Advantages of oral temp
Accessible and convenient
26
Disadvantages of oral temp
Thermometer can break Inaccurate after hot/cold food and drink Pos. injury following oral surgery
27
Advantages of rectal temp
Reliable measurement
28
Disadvantages of rectal temp
Incovenient/unpleasant for pt Rectal injury Stool interference
29
Advantages of axillary temp
Safe and noninvasive
30
Disadvantages of axillary temp
Thermometer must be left in place for long time for accurate measurement
31
Advantages of tympanic membrane temp
Accessible and fast reflects core temp Less scary for small kids
32
Disadvantages of tympanic membrane temp
Can be uncomfortable Possible injury if inserted too far Wax interference
33
Advantages of temporal artery temp
Safe and noninvasive Fast Less scary for kids
34
Risks for hypothermia
``` Outdoor exposure Drugs Trauma Alcohol or drug abuse Endocrine disorders Dermatological disorder or pathology Multisystem disorder (sepsis, shock) ```
35
Three brand names for Acetaminophen
Tylenol Tempra Panadol
36
Five brand names for Ibuprofen or Naproxen
``` Advil Motrin Midol Aleve Naprosyn ```
37
Ibuprofen and Naproxen are in what drug category?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
38
Acetaminophen uses
Pain or fever | NOT inflammation
39
Ibuprofen uses
Pain Inflammation Fever
40
Acetaminophen precautions
Potential liver damage with high doses or chronic use, especially with consumption of large amounts of alcohol
41
Ibuprofen precautions
Bleeding
42
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) uses
Pain Inflammation Fever Prevention of stroke and heart disease
43
Acetaminophen common side effects
Generally safe and adverse effects uncommon
44
Common side effects with ibuprofen
Stomach upset, ulcer formation, bleeding
45
Common side effects with ASA
Stomach upset Ulcer formation Bleeding
46
Intermittent fever
The body temp alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures. Common with some illnesses such as malaria
47
Remittent fever
Such as with a cold or influenza, a wide range of fluctuating temperatures (more than 2C, 3.6F), all of which are above normal, occurs over a 24-hour period
48
Relapsing fever
Short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1-2 days of normal temperature.
49
Constant Fever
The body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal
50
Fever Spike
A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly, following a normal temperature, and then returns to normal within a few hours. Often caused by bacterial blood infections
51
Heat exhaustion
The result of excessive heat exposure and dehydration. Signs include: paleness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fainting and a moderately increased temperature
52
Heat stroke
A more serious form of heat exhaustion that can be life threatening, generally have been exercising in hot weather, have warm, flushed skin, and often do not sweat.
53
Endogenous pyrogens
Interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factor released by macrophages in response to an infection
54
Febrile seizures
Generalized seizures that usually occur in children as the result of rapid temperature rise above a rectal reading of 39C (102F)
55
Fever phobia
Fear felt by caregivers about the harmful effects of a fever on a child, such as seizure, brain damage, and death
56
Accidental hypothermia can result from..
Exposure to a cold environment Immersion in cold water Lack of adequate clothing, shelter or heat Ingestion of alcohol or barbituates Trauma or brain disorder interfering with temp regulation Overwhelming sepsis
57
Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST)
The stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular metabolism. Also called chemical thermogenesis
58
Frostbite
An injury of the skin resulting from freezing.
59
Symptoms of mild hypothermia (32-35C, 90-95F)
Fatigue, slurred speech, poor condition and clumsiness, confusion inappropriate behavior, shivering, tachycardia and tachypnea
60
Symptoms of moderate hypothermia (28-32C, 82-90F)
Depressed mental status, no shivering, depressed respirations, slow pulse or irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, pale or cyanotic color, hallucinations and come.
61
Symptoms of profound hypothermia (body temp below 28C, 82F)
Absence of respirations and pulse, ventricular fibrillation, dilated and unresponsive pupils, and coma
62
Defining characteristics of hypothermia
``` Body temp below normal Cool skin Cyanotic nail beds Hypertension Pallor Piloerection Shivering Slowed capillary refill Tachycardia ```
63
Hyperthermia blanket
An electronically controlled blanket that provides a specified temperature

NS205 Nursing Fundamentals (6 decks)

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