Thermoregulation Flashcards
Homeothermy
Maintenance of a constant body temperature typically Warner than the environment
Endothermy
Elevated metabolism (internally generated heat) in response to changes in ambient temperature
Ectothermy
Use of external heat source (solar radiation) to maintain an elevated body temperature
Poikilothermy
Conformance to ambient temperature
What are some difficulties that marine animals encounter when thermoregulating in water?
- Water has a high specific heat capacity
- You loose heat more easily in water than in air
How do seabirds thermoregulate?
Endothermy
What is the thermoneutral zone?
The optimal temperature where an organism can thermoregulate without fluctuations in metabolic rate (requires less energy)
Do bigger objects have a lower or higher surface area to volume ratio?
Lower
How does the Surface area to volume ratio affect an organisms ability to retain heat?
- Organisms with a higher surface area to volume ratio loose less heat than organisms with smaller surface are to volume ratios
- Smaller organisms have a higher surface area to loose heat
How do feathers help seabirds thermoregulate?
Semiplume and down feathers add insulation
Describe the function of preen glands
Secrete wax that waterproof feathers
Describe the function of brood patches
- Patch of heavily vascularized skin that lacks feathers in order to facilitate heat transfer to egg or chicks
- Present in breeding birds
How do penguins maintain their thermoneutral zone?
Insulation (feather and fat)
What is a more effective insulator fat or feathers?
- Feathers
- Fat is heavier than feathers and more energetically costly
Describe the structure of penguin feathers
- Down is located near the bottom of the shaft
- When immersed in water feathers flattened
- On land down feathers become erect and trap air (adds insulation)
- Feather overlap makes them impenetrable to wind and water