Speciation and Evolution Flashcards
1
Q
Allopatric Speciation
A
- Parental species becomes subdivided by geographic barrier (ex: mountain)
- Divergence is due to natural selection or genetic drift
2
Q
Sympatric Speciation
A
- Reproductive isolation occurs in organisms that share the same space at the same time
- Could be due to habitat isolation
3
Q
Founder Effect
A
- Special case of genetic drift
- New population is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population
- New population does not accurately represent the original population that they came from
4
Q
Peripatric speciation
A
- Small group breaks off from the larger group and forms a new species as a result of a physical barrier (ex: mountain)
- Similar to allopatric speculation BUT one group is MUCH smaller than the other
5
Q
Perapatric Speciation
A
- A species is spread out over a large area
- Mating is restricted to those in a certain vicinity
- No physical barriers
6
Q
Convergent Evolution
A
Organisms that are not closely related independently develop similar traits
7
Q
Analogous Traits
A
Similar traits that evolved in different organisms that do NOT share a common ancestor BUT share a common function
8
Q
Homologous Traits
A
Similar traits that evolved due to a shared common ancestor BUT do NOT share a common function
9
Q
Describe the Evolution of Flightlessness
A
- Trade-offs
- Wings designed for optimal diving are energetically costly when flying
- Flight is too costly when wings are used for both swimming and flying