Speciation and Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A
  • Parental species becomes subdivided by geographic barrier (ex: mountain)
  • Divergence is due to natural selection or genetic drift
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2
Q

Sympatric Speciation

A
  • Reproductive isolation occurs in organisms that share the same space at the same time
  • Could be due to habitat isolation
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3
Q

Founder Effect

A
  • Special case of genetic drift
  • New population is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population
  • New population does not accurately represent the original population that they came from
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4
Q

Peripatric speciation

A
  • Small group breaks off from the larger group and forms a new species as a result of a physical barrier (ex: mountain)
  • Similar to allopatric speculation BUT one group is MUCH smaller than the other
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5
Q

Perapatric Speciation

A
  • A species is spread out over a large area
  • Mating is restricted to those in a certain vicinity
  • No physical barriers
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6
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

Organisms that are not closely related independently develop similar traits

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7
Q

Analogous Traits

A

Similar traits that evolved in different organisms that do NOT share a common ancestor BUT share a common function

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8
Q

Homologous Traits

A

Similar traits that evolved due to a shared common ancestor BUT do NOT share a common function

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9
Q

Describe the Evolution of Flightlessness

A
  • Trade-offs
  • Wings designed for optimal diving are energetically costly when flying
  • Flight is too costly when wings are used for both swimming and flying
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