Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is Absolute Zero?
When the particles of a substance have zero kinetic energy, 0 K.
What is Avogadro’s Constant?
The constant number of particles per mole of a substance.
What does the Boltzmann Constant relate?
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas to the gas’ temperature.
What does Boyle’s Law state?
As volume decreases, the pressure on a gas at a constant temperature increases.
What does Charles’ Law state?
As temperature increases, the volume of a gas at constant pressure increases.
What is Internal Energy?
The sum of all the randomly distributed potential and kinetic energies of the particles that make up a substance.
What does the Pressure Law state?
As temperature increases, the pressure of a gas at constant volume increases.
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin without changing its state.
Define Specific Latent Heat.
The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without a change in temperature.
What are the two types of Specific Latent Heat?
- Specific latent heat of fusion (solid to liquid)
- Specific latent heat of vaporization (liquid to gas)
What happens during State Changes?
A substance will not change kinetic energy, temperature will be constant, but its potential energy will change.
What does the Stefan-Boltzmann Law state?
The luminosity of a black body radiator is directly proportional to its surface area and its absolute temperature to the fourth power.
What is temperature?
Temperature is directly related to the mean, random, kinetic energy of the vibrating atoms of a body
Define an ideal gas
a theoretical gas where the inter-molecular forces are negligible, the collisions between particles are elastic and take negligible time- therefore internal energy of ideal gas is entirely kinetic.
What is heating
the random interchange of energy between two bodies in thermal contact, resulting in energy flowing from hot to cold
