Thermodynamics

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

The capacity to do work or to transfer heat

Question 2

Two Types of Energy

Answer 2

Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

Question 3

Electrostatic Potential Energy

Answer 3

Caused by interactions between charged particles

Question 4

Energy is used in order to…

Answer 4

Break bonds and overcome IMFS
Energy is released when bonds are formed

Question 5

System

Answer 5

What we’re looking at, the reaction taken place

Question 6

Surroundings

Answer 6

Everything else

Question 7

Internal Energy

Answer 7

The total energy of the system

Question 8

Change in energy

Answer 8

q (heat) + w is work

Question 9

Change in H

Answer 9

enthalpy
energy change per mole of reaction
+ H = endothermic (unfavorable)
- H = exothermic (favorable)

Question 10

Substances with lower potential energy are…

Answer 10

More stable

Question 11

Temperature

Answer 11

Measure of average kinetic energy

Question 12

Thermal Equilibrium

Answer 12

When both blocks are at the same temperature so they have the same average kinetic energy
No net transfer of heat

Question 13

Calorimeter

Answer 13

Measures heat flow

Question 14

Heat Capacity

Answer 14

Amount of heat required to raise an object’s temperature by 1 degree C
J/C or J/K

Question 15

Molar Heat Capacity

Answer 15

Amount of heat required to raise 1 mol of substance 1 degree C
J/molC or J/molK

Question 16

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 16

Amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of substance by 1 degree C
J/gC or J/gK

Question 17

Specific Heat of water

Answer 17

4.184 J/gC

Question 18

q=

Answer 18

CpMChange in T

Question 19

qwater=

Answer 19

-qrxn

Question 20

Phase Changes Formula

Answer 20

Use q=CpMT for temperature changes
Use heat of fusion or heat of vaporization times moles of substance for phase changes

Question 21

Change of H=

Answer 21

qp/molrxn

Question 22

State Function

Answer 22

Property of a system that depends only on the present state of the system NOT the path taken to reach that state
cE,cH,cS,cG

Question 23

Bond Enthalpy

Answer 23

The energy required to break a bond in 1 mol of gaseous substance (kJ/mol)

Question 24

Change in Hrxn=

Answer 24

Sum of Bond enthalpies of bonds broken-sum of Bond enthalpies of bonds formed

Question 25

Heat of formation is…

Answer 25

The heat change associated with the formation of 1 mole of a substance from its component elements

Question 26

Enthalpies of Formation for calculating overall heat of reaction

Answer 26

=Sum of heat of formation of products-sum of heat of formation of reactants

Question 27

Hess’s Law

Answer 27

If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, change of H for the overall reacting equals the summer of all the heat changes for the individual steps

Question 28

How to use Hess’s Law

Answer 28

Manipulate steps of a reaction to get overall reacting and use these manipulations on the individual heats of reaction and then add them up to get the overall heat of reaction