Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of engineering that deals with the energies possessed by gases and vapors

A

Thermodynamics

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2
Q

Definite area of a space where some thermodynamic process takes place

A

Thermodynamic system

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3
Q

System of fixed mass whose boundaries are determined by the space of the working substance occupied in it

A

Closed system

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4
Q

System where the working substance crosses the boundary

A

Open system

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5
Q

System of fixed mass where no heat or work cross the boundary

A

Isolated system

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6
Q

When no further changes are observed, a thermodynamic system is said to be in…

A

Thermal equilibrium

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7
Q

When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are in…

A

Thermal equilibrium

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8
Q

(BLANK) can neither be created nor destroyed, though it can be transformed from one form to another

A

Energy

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9
Q

Mathematically, the first law of thermodynamics (energy can neither be created nor destroyed) is defined as:

A

Heat = work + internal energy

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10
Q

There is a definite limit to the amount of (BLANK), which can be obtained from a given quantity of heat energy

A

Mechanical work

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11
Q

State of substance whose evaporation from its liquid state is complete

A

Perfect gas

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12
Q

The absolute pressure of a given mass of a perfect gas varies (BLANK) as its volume, when the temperature remains constant

A

Inversely

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13
Q

The volume of a given mass of perfect gas varies (BLANK) as its absolute temperature, when the absolute pressure remains constant

A

Directly

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14
Q

The absolute pressure of a given mass of a perfect gas varies (BLANK) as its absolute temperature

A

Directly

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15
Q

The change in internal energy of a perfect gas is (BLANK) proportional to the change in temperature

A

Directly

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16
Q

Mathematically, the change in energy is related to change in temperature as…

A

dE = mcdT (c = specific heat)

17
Q

(Isochoric process) when gas is heated at a constant pressure, its temperature and volume (BLANK)

18
Q

Process in which the temperature of the working substance remains constant during its expansion or compression

A

Isothermal process

19
Q

Process in which the working substance neither receives nor gives out heat to its surroundings

A

Adiabatic or isentropic process

20
Q

Process that occurs when a fluid is allowed to expand suddenly into a vacuum chamber through an orifice of large dimensions. Heat remains constant.

A

Free expansion

21
Q

Process in which a perfect gas is expanded through an aperture of minute dimensions

A

Throttling

22
Q

Total heat content of a system, mathematically equal to the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume

23
Q

Always increases or stays the same in a thermodynamic system

24
Q

Consists of a series of thermodynamic operations which take place in a certain order, and the initial conditions are restored at the end of the process

A

Thermodynamic cycle

25
A process in which some change in the reverse direction reverses the process completelyq
Reversible cycle
26
A process in which the change in the reverse direction does not reverse the process
Irreversible process
27
What the the common causes for an irreversible process?
Friction, radiation, conduction
28
The ratio of work done to the heat supplied during a cycle
Efficiency
29
A substance, which upon burning with oxygen in the atmospheric air, produces a large amount of heat
Fuel
30
The amount of heat generated by fuel
Calorific value
31
Type of fuel whose primary constituents are carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbon fuel
32
Almost all commercial liquid fuels are derived from (BLANK)
Natural petroleum (crude oil)