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Engineering Fundamentals > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of mechanics that deals with forces and their effects on bodies at rest

A

Statics

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2
Q

Branch of mechanics that deals with forces and their effects on bodies in motion

A

Dynamics

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3
Q

Branch of dynamics that deals with bodies in motion due to the application of forces

A

Kinetics

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4
Q

Branch of dynamics that deals with bodies in motion without taking into account the forces that cause such motion

A

Kinematics

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5
Q

An agent which produces or tends to produce, destroy, or tends to destroy the motions of a body

A

Force

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6
Q

A force acting on a body may…

A

Change the motion of a body, retard the motion of a body, balance the forces already acting on a body, and give rise to the internal stresses in a body

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7
Q

To determine the effects of a force acting on a body, we must know the following characteristics of a force:

A

Magnitude of the force, line of action of the force, nature of the force (push and pull), and the point at which the force is acting

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8
Q

Magnitude of force is expressed in which units…

A

Newtons in SI units, kilogram force (kgf) in MKS units

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9
Q

Single force which produces the same effect as produced by all the forces acting on a body

A

Resultant force

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10
Q

If two forces, acting simultaneously on a particle, are represented in magnitude and direction as two adjacent sides of a (BLANK), then their resultant may be represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of that (BLANK). Which law does this refer to?

A

Parallelogram law of forces

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11
Q

If the resultant of a number of forces is zero, then the particle will be in…

A

Equilibrium

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12
Q

When two of more forces act on a body, they are said to form a…

A

System of forces

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13
Q

Forces whose lines of action lie on the same plane

A

Coplanar forces

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14
Q

Forces which meet at one point

A

Concurrent forces

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15
Q

Forces that meet at one point and their lines of action also lie on the same plane

A

Coplanar concurrent forces

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16
Q

If three forces acting on a body are in equilibrium, then each forces is proportional to (WHAT) between the two other forces

A

The sine of the angle

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17
Q

Turning effect produced by a force, on the body, on which it acts

A

Moment

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18
Q

What is equal to the product of the force and perpendicular distance to the body on which it acts?

A

Moment

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19
Q

SI unit of the moment of a force

A

Newton*meter

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20
Q

If a number of coplanar forces acting on a particle are in equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of their (BLANK) about any point is equal to the (BLANK) of their resultant force about the same point

A

Moment

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21
Q

Forces whose lines of action are parallel to each other

A

Parallel forces

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22
Q

Parallel forces that act in the same direction

A

Like parallel forces

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23
Q

Parallel forces that act in the opposite direction from one another

A

Unlike parallel forces

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24
Q

Two equal and opposite forces whose lines of action are different (at a normal distance from one another)

A

Couple

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25
Q

Perpendicular distance (x) between the lines of action of two equal and opposite forces

A

Arm of a couple

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26
Q

Magnitude of a couple

A

Product of one of the forces and the arm of the couple

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27
Q

A (BLANK) produces rotational motion for the body on which it acts

A

Couple

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28
Q

The point through which the whole mass of the body acts, irrespective of the position of the body

A

Center of gravity

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29
Q

COG of a uniform rod

A

Middle point

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30
Q

COG of a rectangle

A

Point at which its diagonals intersect

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31
Q

Moment of the moment, i.e. the second moment of mass or area of a body. Usually denoted with I.

A

Moment of inertia

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32
Q

Distance from a given reference where the whole mass or area of the body is assumed to be concentrated to give the same value of I

A

Radius of gyration (k)

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33
Q

Units for mass moment

A

kg-m2

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34
Q

Units for moment of inertia

A

m4 or mm4

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35
Q

If the moment of inertia about an axis passing through its center is known, then the moment of inertia about any other parallel axis is given by…

A

Parallel axis theorem

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36
Q

A force acting in the opposite direction to the motion of a body

A

Friction

37
Q

Friction experienced by a body when at rest

A

Static friction

38
Q

Friction experienced by a body in motion

A

Dynamic friction

39
Q

Maximum value of frictional force that comes into play when a body just begins to slide over the surface of the other body

A

Limiting friction

40
Q

Laws of static friction…

A

Opposite direction to body, magnitude is equal to the force that tends to move the body, magnitude of limiting friction bears a constant ratio to the normal reaction, force is independent to the area of contact, force depends on the roughness

41
Q

Laws of dynamic friction

A

Opposite direction, magnitude bears a constant ratio to the normal reaction, slight decrease with increase in speed

42
Q

Ratio of limiting friction (F) to the normal reaction (Rn) between the two bodies

A

Coefficient of friction (mu)

43
Q

Device that enables us to lift a heavy load, W, by a comparatively small effort, P

A

Lifting machine

44
Q

Ratio of load lifted (W) to the effort applied (P)

A

Mechanical advantage

45
Q

Ratio of the distance moved by the effort to the distance moved by the load

A

Velocity ratio

46
Q

Work done on the machine, equal to the product of effort and the distance through which it moves

A

Input of the machine

47
Q

Work done by the machine, equal to the product of load lifted and distance through which it has been lifted

A

Output of the machine

48
Q

Ratio of output to input of the machine

A

Efficiency of the machine

49
Q

Structure, made up of several bars, riveted or welded together

A

Truss or frame

50
Q

Composed of members just sufficient to keep it in equilibrium, when loaded, without any change in its shape. “n = 2j-3”

A

Perfect frame

51
Q

Rate of change of displacement with respect to its surrounding. Scalar quantity

A

Speed

52
Q

Rate of change of displacement with respect to its surrounding, in a particular direction. Vector quantity.

A

Velocity

53
Q

Rate of change of velocity in a body. Positive when velocity increases with time, negative when velocity decreases with time.

A

Acceleration

54
Q

In the case of vertical motion, acceleration (a) can be substituted for…

A

g = 9.81 m/s2

55
Q

When a body falls from a height, its velocity is equal to…

A

v = sqrt(2gh)

56
Q

Every body continues in a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon, the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the impressed force and takes place in the same direction in which the force acts, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newton’s Laws of Motion

57
Q

Matter contained in a body

A

Mass

58
Q

Force by which a body is attracted towards the center of the earth

A

Weight

59
Q

Total motion possessed by a body

A

Momentum (mass x velocity)

60
Q

Force equal in magnitude but opposite and collinear with the applied force producing the acceleration

A

Inertia force

61
Q

The force, while acting upon a body of mass 1 kg, that produces an acceleration of 1 m/s2 in the direction of which it acts

A

Newton = 1 kg*m/s2

62
Q

The path traced by a projectile in space

A

Trajectory

63
Q

Total time taken by a projectile to reach maximum height and return to the ground

A

Time of flight

64
Q

Distance between the point of projection and the point where the projectile strikes the ground

A

Range

65
Q

Angle described by a particle from one point to another, with respect to time. Vector quantity.

A

Angular displacement

66
Q

Rate of change of angular displacement of a body. Usually expressed in revolutions per minute (rpm) or radians per second (rad/s). Denoted by omega.

A

Angular velocity

67
Q

Angular velocity equation:

A

omega = (2piN)/60 rad/s, given N [rpm]

68
Q

Rate of change of angular velocity

A

Angular acceleration

69
Q

The normal component of linear acceleration along a circular path

A

Centripetal acceleration

70
Q

When the body moves along a circular path with uniform velocity, then it will only have…

A

Centripetal acceleration

71
Q

When a body moves along a straight path, then it will have only…

A

Tangential acceleration

72
Q

A body is said to vibrate with simple harmonic oscillation, if it satisfies two conditions:

A

Acceleration directed towards center, acceleration proportional to distance from center

73
Q

Maximum displacement of a body from its mean position

A

Amplitude

74
Q

Time taken for one complete revolution of a particle in harmonic oscillation

A

Periodic time

75
Q

Number of cycles per second and reciprocal of time period

A

Frequency

76
Q

Heavy bob suspended at the end of a light inextensible and flexible string

A

Simple pendulum

77
Q

Bodies which rebound after impact are called…

A

Elastic bodies

78
Q

Bodies which do not rebound after impact are called…

A

Inelastic bodies

79
Q

Whenever a force acts on a body and the body undergoes a displacement in the direction of force, then (BLANK) is said to be done

A

Work

80
Q

Mathematically, work done is defined as…

A

Work done = force * displacement

81
Q

The unit for work done

A

N*m

82
Q

Rate of doing work per unit time

A

Mechanical power

83
Q

Unit for mechanical power

A

Watt (N*m/s)

84
Q

Product of force on an object and the object’s velocity

A

Power

85
Q

Capacity for doing work. Mathematically, equal to the work done on a body in altering either its position or its velocity.

A

Mechanical energy

86
Q

Energy possessed by a body for doing work, by virtue of its position

A

Potential energy

87
Q

Potential energy stored by an elastic body when deformed

A

Strain energy

88
Q

Energy possessed by a body, for doing work

A

Kinetic energy

Engineering Fundamentals (4 decks)

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