thermodynamics Flashcards
energy
the capacity to do work
heat
is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different temperatures
conservation of energy
energy may be converted from one form to another, but the total energy remains constant
heat of reaction
is the value of q required to return the system to thermal equilibrium with its surroundings after a particular chemical reaction
enthalpy
is a measure of the internal energy of a given amount of a substance at a constant pressure
extensive properties
depend on size
intensive properties
do not depend on size
the enthalpy of a reaction
is the change in enthalpy at a particular temperature and pressure for a given reaction
calorimetry
is the measurement of heat changes in a chemical or physical process. It is based on the relationship between heat and energy change, that is the heat capacity of a system
specific heat
the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature by one gram of a substance by one degree
standard state
all substances are in their standard states under standard thermodynamic conditions of 10^5 Pa pressure of 298.15K
standard enthalpy of reaction
the enthalpy of reaction in which reactants in their standard states yield products in their standard states per unit amount of reaction
standard enthalpy of formation
the enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a substance in its standard state from its elements in their standard state.
a spontaneous process
is a physical or chemical change that occurs by itself
entropy
is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system
