Thermodynamics Flashcards
Who coined the term Thermodynamics?
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
Branch of physics which deals with how energy is transformed and how these transformation relates to properties of matter.
Thermodynamics
Two most common terms in thermodynamics
Heat and Temperature
Quantitative measure of the relative hotness or coldness of a body or system.
Temperature (Macroscopic)
It is related to the average molecular kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the material
Temperature (Statistical)
Device used to measure temperature
Thermometer
Defines how two different systems can be said to be at the same temperature. Condition in which two objects would not exchange energy by heat or electromagnetic radiation if they were placed in thermal contact.
Thermal Equilibrium
transfer of thermal energy between to systems is from?
From hot to cold
Type of energy that transfers between 2 bodies
Thermal Energy
The actual transfer of energy between two systems
Heat
The reason why HEAT takes place is because of?
Temperature Difference
If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with the third object, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. It is all about equilibrium and it allows us to define temperature.
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The most fundamental quantity in thermodynamics
Temperature
What is the temperature according to The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?
The property of matter which determines if there is a transfer of energy between two bodies.
All Thermometers are based on the principle that some physical properties change with temperature and these properties include:
Volume of Liquid, Dimensions of Solid, Pressure of Gas at a constant Volume, Volume of Gas at a constant Pressure, Electric resistance of a Conductor.
Types of Thermometer
Bimetallic Strip Thermometer, Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Infrared Thermal Scanner
Used to measure extremely high temperature and it uses metal deformation to measure temperature.
Bimetallic Strip Thermometer
usually the most accurate type of thermometer, and it depends on the resistance of a certain object to measure temperature
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
Detects temperature through infrared radiation that every object emits.
Infrared Thermal Scanner
The unit Celsius named after
Andres Celsius
Means water is in thermal equilibrium with solid ice at the standard atmospheric temperature
Ice Point
The Celsius Scale was formerly named?
the Centigrade Scale
Means water is in thermal equilibrium with steam at standard atmospheric temperature
Steam point
Who developed the Fahrenheit Scale?
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Ice point in Fahrenheit
32 F
Steam Point in Fahrenheit
212 F
Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula
Tf = 32 + (9/5 Tc)
Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion Formula
Tc = 5/9 (Tf - 32)
In thermometer limitations, Mercury and Alcohol is both useless in what ways?
Mercury is useless below its freezing point (-32 C) while Alcohol is useless at its boiling point (85 C)
How thermometers are being calibrated?
By placing them in thermal contact with reference system.
A thermometer which Temperature is determined from the pressure variation of the gas and its is also used as a reference system to calibrate other types of thermometer because of its accuracy and it gives an absolute value of temperature in terms of Kelvin.
Constant Volume Gas thermometer
Pressure and temperature are directly proportional. True or false
true
Absolute zero. pressure extrapolates to zero at this point
-273.15 C
The SI unit of absolute temperature
the Kelvin Scale
Kelvin Scale is named after who?
Lord Kelvin (William Thomson)
At absolute zero, because of Quantum Mechanic Effect, any thermodynamic system has what?
Minimum Amount of Energy
The condition in which all the 3 states of water can exist in equilibrium
Triple Point of Water (0.01 C and 4.5mmHg)
