Thermal Expansion and Stress Flashcards
The increase in dimensions of a material as a consequence of temperature change
Thermal Expansion
The material _____ when the temperature reduce
Contracts
Condition for small temperature variations
Change in Length is Directly Proportional to Change in Temperature
the unusual behavior of water
Most liquids expands at high temperature but water also expands in lower temperature as it approach to freezing point
water contracts from
0 to 4 C (density increases)
density of water is max at
4 C (1 g/cm^3)
Due to expansion or contraction of a material, there exist ___, and it is the force acting per unit area
Thermal Stress
Hooke’s Law
within the elastic range of the material, when the material expands, the change in length is proportional to the force applied. Stress is proportional to the strain.
Modulus Elasticity is also called
Young’s Modulus
unit of Heat
Joule / Calorie
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C from 14.5 C to 15.5 C
Calorie
The sum of all the microscopic forms of energy of the consistent atoms and molecules of a system
Internal Energy
According to ____, doing work on water increases its internal energy and the increase in internal energy would result to a rise of temperature
James Prescott Juole
1 cal is equals to
4.186 J
Means measuring heat. Its concerned with the heat calculations involved in various physical changes
Calorimetry
The heat required to change the temperature of a given mass of a pure substance
Sensible Heat
energy per unit mass required to change the temperature of a given substance by 1 C. Measure of how thermally insensitive a substance is to the addition of energy.
Specific heat
transition from one state of matter to another is called
Phase change
The specific energy necessary to change the phase of a substance at a definite temp is called
Latent Heat
Internal energy includes:
Kinetic Energy, Vibrational Potential Energy, Electric Potential Energy
Latent Heat of Fusion (Lf) for water is equivalent to
Lf = 80 cal/g = 334J/g = 144 BTU/lb
Latent Heat of Vaporization (Lv) for water is equivalent to
Lv = 540 cal/g = 2260 J/g = 970 BTU/lb
