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Term 1: Thermodynamics > Thermodynamic powerpoint notes 1104 > Flashcards

Thermodynamic powerpoint notes 1104 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Refrigeration?

A

The transfer of heat from a place it is not wanted to a place where it is unobjectionable

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2
Q

What is the key requirement to keeping a refrigeration system functional?

A

Cold liquid refrigerant must be continually flowing around object(s) that must be cooled

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3
Q

What are two applications of air conditioning?

A
  1. Comfort cooling (human comfort)

2. Process cooling (cooling for machines)

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4
Q

Conduction vs Convection?

A

Conduction is where heat travels from one molecule to molecule within a substance through physical contact and Convection is where heat travels through a fluid from one substance to another

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5
Q

Fluid can be ____ or ______ but not ______

A

liquid or vapour but not solid

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6
Q

Forced convection uses _____ or _____ to move fluids

A

fans or pumps

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7
Q

What is sensible heat?

A

heat transfer that results in a change in temperature of a substance?

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8
Q

What is latent heat?

A

heat transfer that results in a change of state of a substance with no change in temp.

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9
Q

Can latent heat be measured with a thermometer?

A

No because temp does not change

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10
Q

What is specific heat?

A

The number of BTU’s required to raise the temperature of 1Lb of substance 1 degree Fahrenheit

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11
Q

What is the specific heats of the following:

a) water
b) ice
c) steam
d) air

A

a) water is 1.00btu/lb
b) ice is 0.50btu/lb
c) steam is 0.50btu/lb
d) air is aproxx 0.24btu/lb

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12
Q

What are three forms of energy?

A

Thermal, Electrical, Mechanical

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13
Q

List three examples of thermal conductors:

A

Gold, Silver, Copper

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14
Q

List three examples of thermal insulators:

A

Foam, Fiberglass, Cork

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15
Q

What is the U-factor?

A

Overall coefficient of heat transfer

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16
Q

What is the K-factor?

A

thermal conductivity rating - pre inch thickness

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17
Q

What is the C-factor?

A

thermal conductance rating - given thickness

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18
Q

What is the R-factor?

A

thermal resistance -reciprocal of the U-factor

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19
Q

Heat cannot be ______ or _______

A

created or destroyed

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20
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed and all forms of energy are mutual convertible

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21
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

Heat will always flow from a warmer area to a colder one

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22
Q

Water freezes at ____ degrees Fahrenheit and ____ degrees Celsius

A

32F

0C

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23
Q

Water boils at ___degrees Fahrenheit and ___ degrees celsius

A

212F

100C

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24
Q

Molecular motion (Absolute zero) stops at ____ degrees Fahrenheit and ___ degrees Celsius

A
  • 460F

- 273C

25
Q

1W =_____BTU

26
Q

1KW=____BTU

27
Q

1HP=___W

28
Q

What is Enthalpy?

A

The total heat content (Qs + QL)

29
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit formula?

A

F= (9/5) (C+32)

30
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius formula?

A

C= (5/9) (F-32)

31
Q

Sensible heat formula?

A

Qs=Mass (lbs) x SpHt x changeT

32
Q

Latent heat formula?

A

QL=Mass (lbs) x Latent heat

33
Q

How much does 1 imperial gallon of water weigh?

34
Q

How much does 1 US gallon of water weigh?

35
Q

Specific heats of Milk?

A

Above 32 degrees Fahrenheit = 0.90 btu/lb

Below 32 degrees Fahrenheit = 0.46 btu/lb

36
Q

Freezing point of milk?

A

31 degrees Fahrenheit

37
Q

Explain Refrigeration ton?

A

It is based on the amount of heat required to melt one ton of ice in 24 hours?

38
Q

How many btu to melt 1 ton of ice in 24 hours?

A

288,000 btu/day

39
Q

What is saturated temperature?

A

The temp. at which a liquid turns into a vapour, or a vapour turns into a liquid

40
Q

When there is a mixture of liquid/vapour the substance is ______

41
Q

What is saturated vapour?

A

Vapour that has all the heat it can hold without becoming superheated

42
Q

What is saturated liquid?

A

A liquid that has all the heat it can hold without changing into a vapour

43
Q

What is superheat?

A

The temperature of a vapour above its boiling point

44
Q

Superheat is always in _____ form

45
Q

What is superheat vapour?

A

A gas that has been heated to a temperature that is above its boiling point

46
Q

Why is superheat called a TD?

A

It is a temperature differential between vapour temperature and saturated temperature

47
Q

Three things required to find Superheat TD?

A
  1. Thermometer
  2. Gauge manifold
  3. PT chart
48
Q

What is gas?

A

A vapour that is superheated

49
Q

What is vapour?

A

A gas that is at its saturation temp and pressure

50
Q

What is sub cooled liquid?

A

A liquid at a temperature below its saturation temperature

51
Q

What is sub-cooling?

A

A temperature of a liquid that is below its boiling point

52
Q

Sub-cooling is a ____ and superheat is a ____

A

liquid, vapour

53
Q

Pascals law:

A

Pressure applied upon a confined space is transmitted equally in all directions

54
Q

Charles first law:

A

If the volume of a gas remains the same, then the absolute pressure varies directly with the absolute temp.

55
Q

Charles second law:

A

If the pressure of a gas remains constant, then the volume of the gas varies directly with the absolute temp.

56
Q

Boyles law:

A

If the temp remains constant, the volume of gas varies inversely to the absolute pressure

57
Q

The perfect law:

A

takes into account all the variables. If one of the variables constant then that variable can be dropped from the formula

58
Q

Hg Vac perfect vacuum is ____ and atmosphere pressure is __

A

29.92 and 0

Term 1: Thermodynamics (7 decks)

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