Thermodynamic

Question 1

can be defined as the study of energy, energy transformations and its relation to matter
The name thermodynamics stems from the Greek words therme (heat) and dynamis (power)

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

is the transfer of thermal energy between systems or objects due to a temperature difference. It flows from a hotter object to a cooler one.

flows when there is a difference in temperature.
For example, when you place a hot object in contact with a cooler one, heat transfers until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Answer 2

Heat

Question 3

is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It indicates how hot or cold an object is.

is not energy itself but a measure of the energy of the particles in a system.

Answer 3

Temperature

Question 4

Heat vs Temperature

Answer 4

Heat
Energy transfer due to temperature difference
Q
Joules (J), Calories (cal)
Energy in transit
Mass, temperature, and specific heat capacity
Heat from the sun warms your skin

Temperature
Measure of average kinetic energy of particles
T
Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K), Fahrenheit (°F)
State of a system
Average energy per particle
A thermometer measures the temperature of air

Question 5

is a state in which two or more systems (or objects) in contact with each other no longer exchange heat. In this state, all the systems involved have reached the same temperature, and there is no net flow of thermal energy between them.

Answer 5

Thermal Equilibrium

Question 6

If two systems, A and B, are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define temperature as a measurable and consistent property.

Answer 6

The Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics

Question 7

Methods of Heat Transfer

Answer 7

Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact in solids; depends on material properties.

Convection: Heat transfer through the movement of fluids; involves circulation due to density differences.

Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves; does not require a medium and can occur in a vacuum.

Question 8

Heat transfer through direct contact in solids; depends on material properties.

Answer 8

Conduction

Question 9

Heat transfer through the movement of fluids; involves circulation due to density differences.

Answer 9

Convection

Question 10

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves; does not require a medium and can occur in a vacuum.

Answer 10

Radiation

Question 11

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 11

“Law of Conservation of Energy”

Question 12

The total energy of an isolated system remains constant though it may change from one form to another

Answer 12

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 13

What is the change in internal energy of a system when a total of 150.00 J of heat transfer occurs out of (from) the system and 159.00 J of work is done on the system?

Answer 13

9 j

Question 14

Relating the Quantity
of Heat to the Temperature Change

What quantity of heat is required to raise the temperature of 450 grams of water from 15°C to 85°C? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g/°C

Answer 14

1.3x105 J