Thermochemistry

Question 1

isolated

Answer 1

the system cannot exchange energy (heat and work) or matter with the surroundings; for example. an insulated bomb calorimeter

Question 2

closed

Answer 2

the system can exchange energy (heat and work) but not matter with the surroundings; for example a steam radiator

Question 3

open

Answer 3

the system can exchange both energy (heat and work) and matter with the surroundings; for example a pot of boiling water

Question 4

processes are associated with

Answer 4

a change of the state of a system

Question 5

isothermal process

Answer 5

occur when the systems temperature is constant
contant temp = Total internal energy of the system (U) is constant throughout the process
hyperbolic curve on a P - V graph
work is the area under the curve

Question 6

temperature and internal energy are directly proportional

true or false?

Answer 6

true

Question 7

adiabatic process

Answer 7

occur when no heat is exchanged between the system and the environment; the thermal energy is constant throughout the process.
hyperbolic curve on a P-V graph

Question 8

isobaric process

Answer 8

occur when the pressure of the system is constnat.
do not alter the first law
flat line on P - V graph

Question 9

isovolumetric (isochoric) process

Answer 9

experience no change in volume 
gas neither expands nor compresses
no work is performed
first law simplifies to delta U = Q
vertical line on a P - V graph
work done by the gas is zero (seen as the area under the curve)

Question 10

Spontaneous process

Answer 10

occur by itself without having to be drive by every from an outside source.
has very high activation energies
some proceed very slowly

Question 11

method for supplying energy for non spontaneous reactions:

Answer 11

coupling non spontaneous rections to spontaneous ones

Question 12

combustion of glucose is (exergonic/endergonic)

Answer 12

exergonic

Question 13

formation of peptide bonds is (exergonic/endergonic)

Answer 13

endergonic

Question 14

state functions

Answer 14

describe the system in an equilibrium state

Question 15

what are the (8) different state functions

Answer 15

pressure (P)
density (p)
temperature (T)
volume (V)
enthalpy (H)
internal energy (U)
Gibbs free energy (G)
entropy (S)

Question 16

Standard conditions VS standard temperature and pressure

Answer 16

Standard conditions: 25C (298K), 1 atm pressure, 1M concentrations
standard temperature and pressure: 0C (273K), 1 atm pressure