Bonding

Question 1

octet rule

Answer 1

the desire of all atoms to achieve noble gas configuration

an atom tends to bond with other atoms so that is has 8 electrons in its outermost shell

Question 2

incomplete octet

Answer 2

elements that are stable with fewer than 8 electrons in they valence shell and include hydrogen (stable with 2e) helium (2), beryllium (4), and boron (6)

Question 3

expanded octet

Answer 3

any element in period 3 or greater can hold more than 8e, including phosphorous (10), sulfur (12), chlorine (14) and many others

Question 4

odd numbers of electrons

Answer 4

any molecule with an odd number of valence electrons cannot distribute those electrons to give 8 to each atom, for example, nitric oxide (NO) has 11 valence electrons

Question 5

To achieve their respective complete octet..
nonmetals _____ electrons
metals ____ electrons

Answer 5

nonmetals GAIN electrons

metals LOOSE electrons

Question 6

ionic bond

Answer 6

one or more electrons from an atom with a low ionization energy, typically a metal are transferred to an atom with a high electron affinity, typically a non metal

Question 7

low ionization energy atoms…

Answer 7

easily release an electron

Question 8

high ionization energy atoms…

Answer 8

easily absorb the electron that was released by the low ionization energy

Question 9

covalent bonding

Answer 9

electron pair is shared between two atoms - nonmetals -

Question 10

if the electron pair is share equally, the covalent bond is

Answer 10

nonpolar

Question 11

if the electron pair is share unequally, the covalent bond is

Answer 11

polar

Question 12

coordinate covalent

Answer 12

both of the shared electrons are contributed by only one of the two atoms