Thermal Properties of Matter Flashcards
what happens when two bodies having different temperatures come in contact with each other?
heat flows from ____ body to ______ body until ________.
what is heat?
- E will always be transferred from the hotter to the cooler object. cold body gains E.
- The objects will exchange thermal energy, until thermal equilibrium is reached.
- hot cold thermal equilibrium is reached.
- thermal energy transferred b/w 2 bodies of diff. temp. cz of diff temp. b/w them.
internal energy is the _____ of K.E & P.E of ______.
it depends on _______.
what is K.E of an atom or molecule?
K.E depends on?
thermometer?
sum
molecules, atoms
mass, K.E, P.E
its motion which depends on temp.
device used to measure temp. of a body.
once heat enters a body, it becomes its internal E & no longer exists as heat energy.
E= energy
distinguish b/w temp. heat & internal energy?
properties of thermometric liquid?
glass stem? glass tube? bulb? bore? Hg freezes & boils at?
thick cylindrical lens
tube in which liquid will expand.
glass in which liquid is.
mid part of capillary tube.
-39°C 357°C
convert:
K to C vice versa
F to C vice versa
F to K vice versa
ice point of diff. scales?
no. of div. b/w fixed points of diff. scales?
fixed points of diff. scales?
what is general relation for the conversion of temp. scale?
ask pg 198 of FBISE book
C + 273
K -273
0°C 32°F 273 K
100 180 100
0 to 100 C 32 to 212 273 to 373
T- ice point/no. of div. b/w fixed points =
T- ice point/no. of div. b/w fixed points
zero on kelvin scale =
this relation is b/w
T= 1.8 T + 32
T= T -273
heat energy formula?
-273°C (absolute zero)
F & Celsius
F= 1.8 C + 32
Celsius & Kelvin
C= K - 273
The amount of heat gained or lost by a sample can be calculated using the equation Q = mcΔT
0 K= absolute zero
what is specific heat capacity? does it have a unit? symbol? formula?
joule is the unit of _______.
amount of heat required to raise the temp. of 1kg by 1°C or 1 K.
yes J/kg K
c
c= ΔQ / m ΔT
work / energy
y joules? heat is energy unit of energy = Joule
define heat capacity?
diff b.w heat capacity & specific heat capacity.
symbol? formula? derivation?
a measure of how much heat energy a substance can absorb or release. It depends on the substance’s mass and its specific heat capacity
quantity of thermal energy absorbed by it for 1 K increase in its temp.
m x c
pg 176
C
heat capacity tells us how much heat a material can “hold” or “store.”
Latent heat is about changing the ‘form’ of water (solid to liquid, liquid to gas), while an increase or decrease in temperature is about changing the ‘intensity’ of the heat, making the water molecules move faster or slower.
during a phase change (like melting, boiling, or condensation), something interesting happens. Despite you continuing to add heat, the temperature remains constant. The reason for this is that the added heat is being used to change the arrangement or state of the molecules rather than increasing their average kinetic energy.
what is latent heat of fusion?
symbol? unit? formula derivation?
H.E required to change a given mass from solid to liquid state (melt) at its melting point or liquid to solid (freeze) at its freezing point without any rise in temp.
Lf
J/kg
Lf =ΔQ/ m
ΔQ = m Lf
fusion means melting
define latent heat of vaporization? symbol? unit? formula derivation?
H.E required/released to change a given mass from liquid to gas state (boil) at its boiling point or gas to liquid (condense) at its condensing point without any change in temp.
Lv
J/kg
Lv =ΔQ/ m
ΔQ = m Lv
what is Q in formula? unit?
state latent heat formula for fusion/vaporization?
what is the unit for latent heat?
energy absorbed/required or released it is measure in J ONLY
L= Q/m
J/kg
this formula applies for both specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporisation
what is evaporation?
what is the similar process to it?
what does rate of evpaoration depend on?
some things to remember about evaporation?
the process by which liquid changes into vapors at any temp. (without heating it) without aid of any external source of heat is called evaporation of liquids.
boiling
temp. wind, humidity, S.A, nature of liquid
it happens ONLY ON SURFACE OF LIQUID.
how do solids undergo thermal expansion?
_____ ∝ ΔT
what is α?
formula?
derive α? unit?
in 3 ways expansion in length, surface & volume.
ΔL & ΔV
ΔL ∝ original length
coefficient of linear themal expansion
we can define α is fractional change in its length per Kelvin change in temp.
α= ΔL/Lo x ΔT
per C-1 or per K-1
