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Kinematics Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Kinematics

A

The word “kinematics” comes from a Greek word meaning motion. It is defined as the study of motion without considering its causes.

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2
Q

define rest?

A

when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be “at rest”.

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3
Q

define motion?

A

when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings changes with time it is said to be in motion.

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4
Q

what are the types of motion?

A

3
Translatory
Rotatory
Vibratory

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5
Q

types of translatory motion?

A

3
rectilinear motion (linear)
curvilinear motion (circular)
random motion

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6
Q

translatory motion?

A

Translatory motion is the change in the position of a body as a whole.
In translational motion, a body moves in a path without any rotation.
The path of motion could be straight, curved, or random.

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7
Q

rectilinear motion? Examples?

A

The straight-line motion of a body is known as its linear motion.
Examples: 1 a car moving in a straight line on a level road.
2 Airplanes flying straight in air.
3 objects falling vertically down.
4 A train moving on a straight track.

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8
Q

Circular motion? Eg?

A

the motion of an object in a circular or curved path is known as curvilinear motion.
Examples:
1 Ferris wheel moving in a circular path
2 motion of Earth around the Sun
3 Motion of the moon around the Earth.
4 roller coaster
5 movement of a snake

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9
Q

random motion

A

the irregular and disordered motion of an object is called random motion. It is when an object changes its direction frequently. It is also called zig-zag motion or irregular motion.
1 motion of flying mosquitoes
2 motion of birds in the sky
3 motion of dust particles in the air
4 the Brownian motion of liquid and gas molecules along a zig-zag path.

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10
Q

Rotatory motion?

A

The spinning motion of a body about its axis is called a rotatory motion. In other words, the rotation of a body around a fixed rotation axis.
Examples:
1 motion of a top
2 motion of wheel about its axis
3 motion of Earth around its geographic axis.
4 motion of steering wheel
5 motion of the ball at the tip of a finger
6 motion of helicopter rotors
7 motion of blades of fan

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11
Q

vibratory motion?

A

the to and fro motion of an object about its mean position is known as vibratory motion.
Examples:
1 motion of a simple pendulum
2 motion of string of sitar
3 motion of a cradle
4 motion of see-saw
5 The vibrational motion of mobile phones.
6 When sound enters our ears, our eardrum vibrates.

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12
Q

what is the mean position?

A

Mean/Equilibrium Position
It is a position of the body when the net force acting on it is zero.

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13
Q

what is an axis?

A

An axis is an invisible line around which an object rotates or spins.

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14
Q

what are scalars?

A

Physical quantities that can be completely described only by its magnitude with the proper unit are termed scalar quantities or simply scalars.

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15
Q

what are vectors?

A

Physical quantities that can be completely described by its magnitude and direction are termed vector quantities or simply vectors.

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16
Q

examples of vectors?

A

velocity, force, acceleration, weight, displacement and pressure etc.

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17
Q

examples of scalars?

A

density, energy, volume, electric current, time and speed etc.

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18
Q

what is position?

A

the location of a place or a point with respect to a reference point called origin.

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19
Q

what is a position vector?

A

a vector that symbolizes the position or location of any given point with respect to any arbitrary reference point.

arbitrary: chosen without specific rules or restrictions

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20
Q

what is the distance?

A

length of a path between two points is called the distance.
Distance is measured in meters.
Distance is a scalar quantity.

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21
Q

what is displacement?

A

the shortest distance from the initial position to the final position is called displacement.
It is a vector quantity
measured in meters
It is represented by d.

22
Q

is displacement vector or scalar?

A

vector

23
Q

symbol for displacement?

A

d

24
Q

symbol for speed?

A

v

25
Q

the symbol for velocity

A

lowercase v

26
Q

the symbol for distance?

A

s

27
Q

what is speed?

A

the distance covered by an object in unit time is called its speed

2 things to know the speed of an object
distance travelled
time taken to complete that distance

28
Q

what is velocity?

A

the rate of displacement of a body

29
Q

what is uniform velocity?

A

a body has uniform velocity if it covers equal displacement in equal intervals of time however the interval may be short.

30
Q

what is acceleration?

A

rate of change of velocity of a body.

31
Q

define uniform acceleration?

A

if it has equal changes in velocity in equal intervals of time however the interval may be short.

32
Q

what is -ve acceleration called?

A

deceleration or retardation

33
Q

what is negative acceleration?

A

is the decrease in velocity of a body with time. The direction of negative acceleration is opposite to the direction in which the body is moving.

aka retardation

34
Q

what is a variable speed?

A

An object is said to be at variable speed when the object covers UNEQUAL distances at equal intervals of time.

35
Q

what is the average speed?

A

total distance (s) covered in total time (t).

36
Q

the formula for velocity?

A

v=displacement/time
v arrow= d f arrow-d arrow i/ t f - ti

37
Q

what is average velocity?

A

is the total displacement (d arrow) covered in total time (t).

38
Q

what is another word for the gradient?

A

slope

39
Q

What is a perpendicular line?

A

perpendicular lines are two lines that meet or intersect each other at right angles.

40
Q

how to convert m/s to km/h?

A

multiply it by 3.6

41
Q

how to convert km/h to m/s?

A

multiply by 10/36

42
Q

change first equation of motion to find acceleration?

A

Vf=Vi+at
Vf-Vi/t=a

43
Q

state equations of motion?

A
44
Q

1D information is called _______

A

scalar quantity

magnitude

2D info = vector (magnitude + direction)

45
Q

what is gravitational acceleration?

A

acceleration of freely falling bodies. denoted by g

free fall = objects falling only cz of gravitational force

gravity made an object to accelerate.

46
Q

what does slope of distance-time & speed-time graph tells us?

A

speed
acceleration

47
Q

derive 1st 2nd and 3rd equation of motion.

A
48
Q

can we accelerate an object without speeding it up or slowing it down?

A

yes
circular path

speed is constant but direction is changing

change in direction = acceleration

49
Q

how to convert km/h2 to m/s2

A

divide it 1296

it is acceleration

50
Q

how to convert m/s2 to km/h2?

A

multiply it by 12960/10
12960.

51
Q

velocity time graph for zero, positive, negative, constant, increasing acceleration.

A

zero acceleration= constant velocity

Physics (9 decks)

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