Thermal Properties of matter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is temperature

A

it is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body

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2
Q

what is heat

A

heat is the
form of energy transferred between two (or
more) systems or a system and its
surroundings by virtue of temperature
difference.

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3
Q

what is boyle’s law and charles law

A

When temperature
is held constant, the pressure and volume of a
quantity of gas are related as PV = constant.
This relationship is known as Boyle’s law, after
Robert Boyle (1627-1691) the English Chemist
who discovered it. When the pressure is held
constant, the volume of a quantity of the gas is
related to the temperature as V/T = constant.
This relationship is known as Charles’ law

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4
Q

what does each thermometer have

A

it has 2 fixed points called the upper fixed point and lower fixed point.

ufp: boiling point/ steam point
lfp: melting/freezing point/ icoe point

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5
Q

what is thermal expansion

A

The increase
in the dimensions of a body due to the increase
in its temperature is called thermal expansion.
The expansion in length is called linear
expansion. The expansion in area is called area
expansion. The expansion in volume is called
volume expansion

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6
Q

what is the anomalous behaviour of water

A

Water exhibits an anomalous behavour; it
contracts on heating between 0 °C and 4 °C.
The volume of a given amount of water decreases
as it is cooled from room temperature, until its
temperature reaches 4 °C, [Fig. 11.7(a)]. Below
4 °C, the volume increases, and therefore the
density decreases.This means that water has a maximum
density at 4 °C

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7
Q

how do marine life survive in cool temperature

A

Bodies of water, as in lakes and ponds, freeze at the top first. As a
lake cools toward 4 °C, water near the surface
loses energy to the atmosphere, becomes denser,
and sinks; the warmer, less dense water near
the bottom rises. However, once the colder water
on top reaches temperature below 4 °C, it
becomes less dense and remains at the surface,
where it freezes. If water did not have this
property, lakes and ponds would freeze from the
bottom up, which would destroy much of their
animal and plant life

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8
Q

dependence of coefficient of expansion of temperature

A

coefficient of linear expansion of solids is a charcateristic property of a material but not necessarily a constant. it increases with temperature. it becomes a constant at higher temperature.

For liquids, the
coefficient of volume expansion is relatively
independent of the temperature. However, for
gases it is dependent on temperature. For an
ideal gas, the coefficient of volume expansion at
constant pressure can be found from the ideal
gas equation.
it is inversly proportional to temperature/

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9
Q

what is thermal stress

A

when a metal rod whose both ends are fixed so as to prevent it from expansion or contraction undergoes a temperature change., thermal stress and strain is developed.

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10
Q

what is heat capacity

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the whole substance by 1K

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11
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of substance by 1K

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12
Q

what is molar specific heat capacity

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of substance by 1K

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13
Q

applications of water due to high specific heat capcptiy

A

Water has the highest specific heat capacity compared
to other substances. For this reason water is
used as a coolant in automobile radiators as well
as a heater in hot water bags. Owing to its high
specific heat capacity, the water warms up much
more slowly than the land during summer and
consequently wind from the sea has a cooling
effect.

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14
Q

what happens during change of state

A

both the solid
and liquid states of the substance coexist in
thermal equilibrium during the change of
states from solid to liquid. It is observed that the temperature
remains constant until the entire amount of the
solid substance melts.

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15
Q

what is melting and melting point

A

the change of state from solid to liquid is called as melting and from liquid to oslid is called fusion.

The temperature
at which the solid and the liquid states of the
substance in thermal equilibrium with each
other is called its melting point.

The melting point of a substance
at standard atomspheric pressure is called its
normal melting point.

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16
Q

what is boiling and boiling point

A

The change of state from liquid to vapour (or
gas) is called vaporisation.

The temperature at which the liquid and the
vapour states of the substance coexist is called
its boiling point.

The boiling point of a substance at standard
atmospheric pressure is called its normal
boiling point.

Thus boiling point decreases with
decrease in pressure.

17
Q

what is sublimation

A

a. The change from solid state to vapour
state without passing through the liquid state
is called sublimation

18
Q

what is latent heat

A

The amount of heat that is transferred per unit mass of substance when it undergoes a phase change/state chnge.

L= Q/m

The latent heat for a solidliquid state change is called the latent heat of
fusion (Lf
), and that for a liquid-gas state change
is called the latent heat of vaporisation (Lv
)

19
Q

conduction of hea t

A

it is the transfer of heat by physical contact.
it is a slow process.
it is due to temperature difference it flows from high temp to low temp

there is no actualy flow of molecules but conduction of heat occurs through molecular collisions

20
Q

What is coefficient of linear expansion

A

It is the increase in length per unit length per unit rise in temperature of a solid body

21
Q

Define thermal conductivity

A

It is the rate of flow of heat across the opposite faces of a I’m cube when the ends are maintained at a temperature difference of 1°C or 1k