Thermal physics (Paper 2) Flashcards
What’s the definition of internal energy?
The internal energy of a body is equal to the sum of all the kinetic energies and potential energies of ALL its particles.
How can you increase the internal energy in a system?
-Do work on the system to transfer energy to it.
-Increase the temperature of the system.
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of material, without changing its temperature
What’s the difference between specific latent heat of fusion or vaporisation?
specific latent heat of fusion (when solid changes to liquid) and specific latent heat of vaporisation (when liquid changes to gas).
What is Boyle’s Law?
When temperature is constant, pressure and volume are inversely proportional
What is Charles’ Law?
When pressure is constant, volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature
What is the pressure Law?
When volume is constant, pressure is
directly proportional to absolute temperature
How do you convert from Celsius to kelvins?
K=C+273.15
What is absolute zero?
The temperature at which particles have no kinetic energy and the volume and pressure of a gas are zero
7 assumptions for the kinetic theory model?
Assumptions -
● No intermolecular forces act on the molecules
● The duration of collisions is negligible in comparison to time between collisions
● The motion of molecules in random, and they experience perfectly elastic collisions
● The motion of the molecules follows Newton’s laws
● The molecules move in straight lines between collisions
What do you call a process that doesn’t exchange heat? (That also likes cake)
Adiabatic :)
What’s the definition of isothermal?
A process which happens at a constant temperature . Energy can be transferred to/from surroundings. Changing of state is an isothermal process.
How do I convert between moles and molecules?
From moles to molecules X by avagadro’s constant.
What is brownian motion?
The random motion of larger molecule in a fluid caused by collisions
What qualities does an ideal gas have?
No interaction apart from perfect collisions and has no potential energy. Its internal energy is equal to the sum of the kinetic energies of all its particles.
