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Physics > Thermal Physics > Flashcards

Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is heat?

A

Heat is thermal energy transferred from higher to lower temperature due to temperature difference

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2
Q

When will net transfer of thermal energy stop?

A

When both object reaches thermal equilibrium, eg. same temperature

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3
Q

When are two object in thermal equilibrium?

A

If they have same temperature and no net heat transfer between them

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4
Q

What is temperature?

A
  • scalar base quantity that is proportional to the average KE of a substance
  • a property that determines whether an object is in thermal equilibrium with other objects
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5
Q

Is temperature the measure of the amount of thermal energy in a body?

A
  • no
  • different heat capacity of object
  • temperature shows direction of thermal energy transfer
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6
Q

What is the 0th law of thermodynamics?

A

If an object A and object B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other

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7
Q

What is absolute scale?

A

thermodynamic temperature scale that does not depend on thermometric properties of any substance

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8
Q

What is absolute zero?

A
  • Lowest limit of thermodynamic temperature scale
  • a state at which the enthalpy and entropy change of a cooled ideal gas reach its minimum value, taken as zero kelvin
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9
Q

What is the triple point of water?

A
  • temperature and pressure at which three phases (gas, liquid and solid) of that substance coexist in thermal equilibrium
  • temperature and pressure at which sublimation curve, fusion curve and vapourisation curve meet
  • 273.16K (0.01 degree celsius)
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10
Q

What is one kelvin?

A

1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of pure water

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11
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure of a fixed mass of ideal gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume

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12
Q

What is Charles’ law?

A

Volume of a fixed mass of ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its thermodynamic temperature

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13
Q

What is pressure law?

A

Pressure of a fixed mass of ideal gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its thermodynamic temperature

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14
Q

What is ideal gas?

A

a gas which obeys pV=nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the total number of moles of gas, T is thermodynamic temperature of the gas

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15
Q

What are the assumptions for kinetic theory of gases and molecules?

A
  • collisions between molecules and container are perfectly elastic
  • molecules do not exert any intermolecular forces on one another
  • time during collisions is negligible compared to time between collisions
  • volume of molecules is negligble as comapred to volume occupied by the gas
  • molecules are in rapid, random motion
  • molecules of gas are hard, identical spheres
  • average separation between molecules are large compared to size of molecules
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16
Q

What happens during boiling?

A
  • liquid to gas
  • bonds between molecules are broken completely and external work is done against atmosphere
  • temperature remains constant
17
Q

What happens during melting?

A
  • solid to liquid
  • bonds betwen molecules are weakened so lattice structure collapse
  • temperature remains constant
18
Q

What is the relationship between external pressure and boiling point?

A

The higher the external pressure, the higher the boiling point

(more work needs to be done against atmosphere)

19
Q

What is the relationship between external pressure and melting point?

A

The higher the external pressure, the lower the melting point

(more work is done on the object)

20
Q

What is the latent heat of vapourisation?

A

Energy supplied during boiling or energy released during condensation

21
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

Energy supplied during melting or energy released during freezing

22
Q

What is evaporisation?

A
  • type of vaporisation that occurs on surface of liquid as it changes into gas phase
  • bonds between molecules are broken and external work is done against atmosphere
23
Q

What is heat capacity, C?

A

amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K

24
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

amount of thermal energy required to raise temperature of a unit mass of substance by 1K

25
Q

What is latent heat?

A

Energy released or absorbed by a substance during a change of state, without a change in its temperature

26
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

A

Amount of thermal energy required to change unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid state, without a change in its temperature

27
Q

What is specific latent heat of vapourisation?

A

amount of thermal energy required to change unit mass of the substance from liquid to gaseous state, without a change in its temperature

28
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Sum of microscopic kinetic energies due to random motion and microscopic potential energies due to intermolecular forces of attraction of all molecules in the system

29
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

The increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat supplied and work done on the system

30
Q

When does isothermal process occur?

A

When change of volume and pressure takes place without a change in temperature

31
Q

What is special about the change in internal energy of ideal gas?

A
  • change in internal energy depends on change of temperature
  • U = KE, KE depends on T
32
Q

When does isometric/isochoric process occur?

A

Change in temperature and pressure without a change in volume

33
Q

When does isobaric process occur?

A

Change of temperature and volume occur without a change in pressure

34
Q

When does an adiabatic process occur?

A

When the change of volume, pressure and temperature occur with no heat supplied or lost from the system (Q = 0)

35
Q

What does going back to same point of the pV curve mean?

A

Change in internal energy is 0

36
Q

What is the area under pV curve?

A

Work done

37
Q

What is one mole?

A

Amount containing 6.02 * 10^23 mol of particles

38
Q

What is the relationship between the kinetic energy of ideal gas and temperature?

A

Mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas is proportional to thermodynamic temperature

39
Q

What is used to calibrate Kelvin scale?

A

absolute zero and triple point of water used to calibrate scale

Physics (19 decks)

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