Thermal Injury

Question 1

__________ is a period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity.

Answer 1

Heatwave

Question 2

Period of heatwave should be atleast ________ to 5 days or more.

Answer 2

1 day

Question 3

Temparature in heatwave should be ____ more than the average maximum temperature.

Answer 3

5C or 9F

Question 4

__________ is the failure of thermoregulatory system (no sweating/no cutaneous blood flow) due to direct exposure of sun

Answer 4

Heat stroke

Question 5

What is the triad of cerebral dysfunction that happens in heat stroke?

Answer 5

Impaired consciousness
Absense of sweating
Increased core body temperature (more than 41C; rectal)

Question 6

What are neurological disturbances in heat stroke?

Answer 6

Psychosis
Delirium
Stupor
Convulsions
Coma

Question 7

What are some symptoms of heat stroke?

Answer 7

Nausea
Vomiting
Strong rapid pulse
Throbbing headache

Question 8

What are the environmental risk factors of heat stroke?

Answer 8

Increased humidity
High temperature
Muscular activity
Lack of acclimatization

Question 9

What are the non-environmental risk factors of heat stroke?

Answer 9

Older age
Alcoholism
Obesity
Brain hemorrhages
Malignant hypertension
Thyrotoxicosis
Salicylate overdose
Anticholinergic, antihistamine, phenothiazines
Major tranquillizers

Question 10

What are the types of heat stroke?

Answer 10

Classic

Exertional

Question 11

What is Classic heat stroke?

Answer 11

It occurs in person with compromised homeostatic mechanisms (older person)

Question 12

What is Exertional heat stroke?

Answer 12

It is seen in healthy persons undergoing strenous exertion (athletes, military personal) in a thermally stressful environment.

Question 13

What is the treatment of heat stroke?

Answer 13

Unclothe the patient
Spread water (20C)
Immersion in an ice water bath
Chlorpromazine diazepam to control shivering
Fluid administration
Alkalinization of urine

Question 14

What are some complications of heat stroke

Answer 14

If the patient has survived for more than 24hrs, there might be
Lobar pneumonia
Myoglobinuria
DIC
Tubular necrosis
Hepatic necrosis

Question 15

What is heat exhaustion?

Answer 15

It is an advanced stage of heat injury in which CVS collapse and syncope occurs due to intense dehydration

Question 16

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?

Answer 16

Fainting
Excessive sweating
Cool, pale and clammy skin
Nausea and vomiting
Rapid low pulse
Muscle cramps

Question 17

What is the treatment of heat exhaustion?

Answer 17

Move to a cooler place
Take a shower
Drink water

Question 18

What is the condition of brain after death from heat stroke?

Answer 18

Flattening of gyri

Question 19

What is the condition of lungs after death from heat stroke?

Answer 19

Frothy hemorrhagic fluid in air passages of lungs

Question 20

What is the condition of heart after death from heat stroke?

Answer 20

Epi/Endocardial hemorrhages

Question 21

What is the general condition of organs after death from heat stroke?

Answer 21

Edema, petechial hemorrhages, and congestion

Question 22

What are heat cramps?

Answer 22

Painful muscle spasms due to loss of salt from excessive sweating