Thermal Dynamics Flashcards
Thermal equilibrium
No net heat flow between objects
Pressure
Force per unit area
Internal energy
The sum of the random distribution of kinetic energy and potential energies associated with the molecules of a system.
Specific heat capacity
The energy required per unit mass of a substance to raise its temperature by 1 degree
Absolute zero
The temperature at which the internal energy of a system is a minimum
1 mole
The amount of a substance such that there are 6.02x10^23 basic particles present.
Avagadro’s Constant (NA)
6.02x10^23 – the number of particles in a system when there is 1 mole present.
Specific Latent Heat (L)
The energy supplied to change phase of 1Kg of substance at constant temperature.
Latent heat of fusion
The energy absorbed by a substance to change its state from solid to liquid with no change in temperature
Latent heat of vaporisation
The energy absorbed by a substance to change its state from liquid to gas with no change in temperature.
Boyle’s Law
For a system at constant temperature with constant mass, the product of pressure and volume is a constant.
PV = NkT providing N and T are constant.
Assumptions of an Ideal Gas
- Collisions between molecules and the container walls are elastic
- Force between molecules is negligible except during collisions
- Volume of the molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the container
- Time within a collision is negligible compared to the time between collisions
Brownian motion
Molecules have random motion due to many collisions with very fast, tiny (unseen) molecules which are moving in random directions.
Temperature
Shows which way heat will flow.
Heat
Thermal energy
