Thermal Flashcards
What is specific heat capacity?
The energy required to raise the temperature of a mass of 1kg of a substance by 1K, without changing state
What is latent heat?
The energy required
What is is absolute 0
The temperature at which molecules have no kinetic energy
What is meant by the internal energy of an ideal gas?
The sum of the kinetic energies and potential energies of all the particles in a gas
What is Boyles law?
Pressure is directly proportional to 1/volume for constant temperature and fixed number of moles/ fixed mass
What is Charles law?
Volume is directly proportional to temperature for a constant pressure and fixed number of moles/ fixed mass
What is the pressure law?
Pressure is directly proportional to temperature for a constant volume and a fixed number of moles/ fixed mass
What is avogadros constant?
The number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12
What is the molar mass and how can it be found from the nucleon number of an element?
The mass of one mole of a substance. Equal to the nucleon number of the element eg. 1 mole of nitrogen-14 is 14g
What does the area under a pressure-volume graph represent?
Work done
What are the 8 assumptions of kinetic theory?
1- all molecules are identical
2- the gas contains a large number of molecules
3- the molecules have a negligible volume compared to the volume of the container
4- the molecules continually move randomly
5- Newtonian mechanics apply
6- collisions between molecules and between the molecules and walls of the container are perfectly elastic
7- the molecules move in a straight line between collisions
8- the forces that act during collisions last for much less time than the time between collisions
What is the mean square speed and what is its units?
The average of the square of the speeds of the molecule - therefore the square root of this gives you the typical speed. Units are m^2s^-2
What is the difference between an empirical law and a theory?
An empirical law can predict what will happen but can’t explain why, and a theory can predict what will happen and why
What is browian motion?
The random motion of larger particles due to collisions from unseen smaller particles. This gives evidence for kinetic theory - gasses being made of tiny particles
During a change of state, which energy is changing?
Potential energies
