Therapy of infectious diseases Flashcards
How do you treat infectious diseases?
- start treatment as soon as possible
– before occurrence of severe morphologic or functional changes
- medical doctors have to make some functional test to understand the most probable diagnosis before starting antibiotic treatment
- symptoms like fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, seizures, bleeding are typical for infectious diseases to be suspicious
What is involved in the treatment of infectious diseases?
- bed rest, appropriative diet, etiological, pathogenetic, simptomatic, physiothepary, rehabilitation
- the treatment has to be estimated or changed every day according to the changes in the patient’s laboratory data or patient’s general condition
Why do we advise bed rest in treatment of infectious diseases?
aims: peace of harmed organs, less waste of energy, soon recovery, lack of complications
What are some requirements for bed rest?
- fresh air in room
- good ventilation
- comfortable temperature
- care for teeth, skin
- changes in position in the bed
- cares for passing and defecation – it has to be regularly; if is need urinary catheter could be used or some drugs for overcoming of constipation
- prophylaxis of hypostatic pneumonia – deep breathing, massages of the thorax and spine, changes the position in the bed
What does diet consist of in relation to a patient with an infectious disease?
- specific qualitative and quantitative composition, energy value and culinary cultivation which main aim is treatment
What are the basic principles of diet?
- diet has to be consistent with the present infectious disease and its organ complications
- diet has to be consistent with the present clinical form of infectious diseases and has to be changed when the patient’s conditions is changed
- diet has to answer to patient’s energy needs
Describe how the lymphoid progenitor gives rise to the B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells
Lymphoid progenitor -> depending on which interleukin is involved -> differentiate into T or B cells
Describe the cytokines necessary for the colony-forming unit to give rise to monocytes and neutrophils
Describe the cytokines necessary for the colony-forming unit to give rise to basophils, eosinophils, platelets, and erythrocytes
Which of the following is responsible for the maturation and release of eosinophils from the bone marrow?
Interleukin-5
Which of the given interleukin families stimulates the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid progenitor cells?
Interleukin-3
Define acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its clinical presentation
Identify the different types of cytogenetic abnormalities and the type of AML associated with each
t(15;17)
t(8;21)
Describe the clinical presentation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
- the precursor of AML
Describe the appearance of myeloid blasts in AML
- contain Auer Rods
Describe the appearance of myeloid blasts in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL or M3 AML)
Identify the antibody against which the azurophilic granules in APL myeloid blasts stain positive
Describe the FAB classification of AML
Identify the treatment of APL associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Which of the following cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia?
t(15;17)
Which of the following translocations is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia?
t(8;21)
Which of values represents the percentage of blast cells in pre-leukemic conditions?
less than 20%
Which of the following is seen in acute promyelocytic Leukemia-M3?
Auer rods
