therapy

Question 1

monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

Answer 1

class of drugs used to treat depression; they slow the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. Are not often prescribed for depression because interact with many foods and common over the counter medication.

Question 2

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 2

drugs used for treating depression as well as chronic pain and ADHD.

Question 3

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 3

drugs prescribed primarily for depression and some anxiety disorders that work by making more serotonin available in the synapse.
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil.

Question 4

bupropione

Answer 4

a widely used antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Question 5

benzodiazepines

Answer 5

a class of anxiety-reducing drugs that can be addictive, but are less dangerous than barbiturates.

Question 6

barbiturates

Answer 6

a class of anxiety-reducing sedatives that can be addictive and carry a risk of overdose.

Question 7

lithium

Answer 7

a salt that is prescribed for its ability to stabilize the mania associated with bipolar disorder.

Question 8

phenothiazines

Answer 8

drugs used to treat schizophrenia; help diminish hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia, but also have adverse side effects.

Question 9

traditional antipsychotics

Answer 9

historically, the first medications used to manage psychotic symptoms.

Question 10

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 10

repetitive, involuntary movements of jaw, tongue, face, and mouth resulting from the extended use of traditional antipsychotic drugs.

Question 11

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 11

newer antipsychotic drugs, which do not create tardive dyskinesia.

Question 12

prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 12

a form of psychosurgery in which the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain are severed; no longer in use.

Question 13

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 13

treatment of last resort for severe depression that involves passing an electrical current through a person’s brain in order to induce a seizure.

Question 14

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 14

treatment for severe depression involving exposure of specific brain structures to bursts of high-intensity magnetic fields instead of electricity.

Question 15

psychotherapy

Answer 15

the use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns, or both, and to help patients develop insight into their own behavior.

Question 16

psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 16

based on Freud’s ideas, therapeutic approach oriented toward major personality change with a focus on uncovering unconscious motives, especially through dream interpretation.

Question 17

psychodynamic psychotherapy

Answer 17

therapy aimed at uncovering unconscious motives that underlie psychological problems.

Question 18

free association

Answer 18

a psychotherapeutic technique in which the client takes one image or idea from a dream and says whatever comes to mind, regardless of how threatening, disgusting, or troubling it may be.

Question 19

transference

Answer 19

process in psychotherapy in which the client reacts to a person in a present relationship as though that person were someone from the client’s past.

Question 20

defense mechanisms

Answer 20

unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way.

Question 21

repression

Answer 21

the unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness.

Question 22

catharsis

Answer 22

the process of releasing intense, often unconscious, emotions in a therapeutic setting.

Question 23

client-centered therapy

Answer 23

a form of humanistic therapy in which the therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the patient.

Question 24

behavior therapies

Answer 24

therapies that apply the principles of classical and operant conditioning in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 25

token economies

Answer 25

a behavioral technique in which desirable behaviors are reinforced with a token, such as a small chip or fake coin, which can be exchanged for privileges.

Question 26

systematic desensitization

Answer 26

a behavioral therapy technique, often used for phobias, in which the therapist pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object, generating a hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object.

Question 27

flooding

Answer 27

an extreme form of in vivo exposure in which the client experiences extreme exposure to the phobic object.

Question 28

cognitive therapy

Answer 28

any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns.

Question 29

cognitive–behavioral therapy

Answer 29

an approach to treating psychological disorders that combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning techniques to shape desirable behaviors.

Question 30

group therapy

Answer 30

therapeutic settings in which several people who share a common problem all meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another.

Question 31

support groups

Answer 31

meetings of people who share a common situation, be it a disorder, a disease, or coping with an ill family member.

Question 32

evidence-based therapies

Answer 32

treatment choices based on empirical evidence that they produce the desired outcome.

Question 33

dodo bird verdict

Answer 33

the finding that most forms of therapy are effective and few significant differences exist in effectiveness among standard therapies.

Question 34

technology-based therapy

Answer 34

category of therapy that makes use of technology or the Internet to complement current therapies or make psychotherapeutic techniques available to more people.

Question 35

virtual reality therapies

Answer 35

category of therapies that use virtual (digital simulation) environments to create therapeutic situations that would be hard to create otherwise.

Question 36

integrative therapy

Answer 36

an eclectic approach in which the therapist draws on different treatment approaches and uses those that seem most appropriate for the situation.

Question 37

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

Answer 37

an approach that combines elements of CBT with mindfulness meditation to help people with depression learn to recognize and restructure negative thought patterns.

Question 38

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Answer 38

treatment that integrates elements of CBT with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation and is used to treat borderline personality disorders.

Question 39

Psychiatrists

Answer 39

are medical doctors who specialized in psychiatry. They are typically the only therapists who can prescribe medications. They often treat the most severe psychological disorders.

Question 40

Clinical psychologists

Answer 40

are trained to help people with moderate to severe psychological disorders that interfere with everyday functioning. They assess, diagnose, and treat people with disorders. They are often trained in PhD (doctorate of philosophy) programs, but also in PsyD programs (doctorate of psychology). Clinical psychologists often focus on past experiences as the causes of current problems.

Question 41

Counselors

Answer 41

work in social settings and help people adjust to normal work- and family-related difficulties. They focus on the present rather than the past. Counselors are often trained in education departments and receive either a doctorate of education (EdD) or a master’s degree in counseling.

Question 42

Social workers

Answer 42

have a master’s degree in social work (MSW) and also are trained in clinical practice. Once they pass the licensing exam, they are licensed clinical social workers (LCSW).

Question 43

Marriage and family therapists (MFT)

Answer 43

are people who receive a master’s degree in clinical psychology; they have many hours of supervised training and pass the licensing exam. As the name implies, MFTs specialize in helping couples and families deal with conflict or difficulties

Question 44

Serotonin

Answer 44

Stimulate neural growth which lessen depression.