disorder

Question 1

syndromes

Answer 1

groups or clusters of related symptoms that are characteristic of a disorder.

Question 2

comorbidity

Answer 2

occurrence of two or more disorders at the same time.

Question 3

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 3

childhood disorder characterized by inability to focus attention for more than a few minutes, to remain still and quiet, to do careful work.

Question 4

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 4

A more severe type of bipolar disorder that involves meeting the criteria for mania.

Question 5

joint attention

Answer 5

ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction that someone else is looking.

Question 6

psychotic disorders

Answer 6

psychological disorders of thought and perception, characterized by inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions.

Question 7

schizophrenia

Answer 7

psychotic disorder characterized by significant disturbances in thought and emotion, specifically problems with perception, including hallucinations. Effects 1% of us adults.

Question 8

positive symptoms (of schizophrenia)

Answer 8

the perceptual experiences associated with schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusional thinking, and disorganized thought and speech.

Question 9

hallucinations

Answer 9

convincing sensory experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus.

Question 10

delusion

Answer 10

one of the symptoms of schizophrenia: a false belief or exaggeration held despite evidence to the contrary, such as the idea that one is a famous person.

Question 11

negative symptoms (of schizophrenia)

Answer 11

symptoms that include nonresponsiveness, emotional flatness, immobility, catatonia, problems with speech, and inability to complete tasks.

Question 12

word salad

Answer 12

term for the speech of people with schizophrenia, which may follow grammatical rules but be nonsensical in terms of content.

Question 13

diathesis–stress model

Answer 13

explanation for the origin of psychological disorders as a combination of biological predispositions (diathesis) plus stress or an abusive environment.

Question 14

major depressive disorder

Answer 14

mood disorder characterized by pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, low energy, and feelings of worthlessness and guilt that last for at least two consecutive weeks.

Question 15

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 15

A less severe type of bipolar disorder that involves meeting the criteria for hypomania.

Question 16

bipolar disorder

Answer 16

mood disorder characterized by substantial mood fluctuations, cycling between very low (depressive) and very high (manic) moods.

Question 17

manic episode

Answer 17

one mood cycle in bipolar disorder, typically involving increased energy, sleeplessness, euphoria, irritability, delusions of grandeur, increased sex drive, and “racing” thoughts.

Question 18

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 18

A more severe type of bipolar disorder that involves meeting the criteria for mania.

Question 19

cyclothymia

Answer 19

a relatively mild form of bipolar disorder.

Question 20

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 20

state of pervasive and excessive anxiety lasting at least 6 months.

Question 21

panic attacks

Answer 21

an anxiety disorder; associated with perceptions of threat and occurring because of fear of danger, inability to escape, embarrassment, or specific objects, for example.

Question 22

panic disorder

Answer 22

an anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks and persistent anxiety about having more attacks.

Question 23

agoraphobia

Answer 23

an anxiety disorder involving fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available should a panic attack occur.

Question 24

phobia

Answer 24

an anxiety disorder: an ongoing and irrational fear of a particular object, situation, or activity.

Question 25

social phobia (social anxiety disorder)

Answer 25

an anxiety disorder: fear of humiliation in the presence of others, characterized by intense self-consciousness about appearance or behavior or both.

Question 26

obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 26

an anxiety disorder in which obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors.

Question 27

obsession

Answer 27

an unwanted thought, word, phrase, or image that persistently and repeatedly comes into a person’s mind and causes distress.

Question 28

compulsion

Answer 28

a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules.

Question 29

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 29

a type of anxiety disorder triggered by exposure to a catastrophic or horrifying event that poses serious harm or threat.

Question 30

dissociative disorders

Answer 30

psychological disorders characterized by extreme splits or gaps in memory, identity, or consciousness.

Question 31

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 31

dissociative disorder in which a person develops at least two distinct personalities, each with its own memories, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Some psychiatrists question the legitimacy of the disorder.

Question 32

somatic symptom disorders

Answer 32

psychological disorders that take bodily or physical form and mimic physical diseases but have no known physical cause or medical basis.

Question 33

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 33

fear of somatic symptom but without any somatic symptoms

Question 34

personality disorders

Answer 34

patterns of cognition, emotion, and behavior that develop in late childhood or adolescence and are maladaptive and inflexible; they are more stable than clinical disorders.

Question 35

paranoid personality disorder

Answer 35

odd–eccentric personality disorder characterized by extreme suspicions and mistrust of others in unwarranted and maladaptive ways.

Question 36

schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 36

odd–eccentric personality disorder characterized by a desire to live an isolated and asocial life, but also by the presence of odd thoughts and beliefs.

Question 37

schizoid personality disorder

Answer 37

odd–eccentric personality disorder characterized by a desire to avoid close relationships as well as by emotional aloofness, reclusivity, and a lack of humor.

Question 38

histrionic personality disorder

Answer 38

dramatic–emotional personality disorder characterized by the desire to be the center of attention and by dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behaviors.

Question 39

borderline personality disorder

Answer 39

dramatic–emotional personality disorder characterized by out-of-control emotions, fear of being abandoned by others, and a vacillation between idealizing and despising people who are close to the person with the disorder.

Question 40

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 40

dramatic–emotional personality disorder characterized by having an extremely positive and arrogant self-image and being extraordinarily self-centered; other symptoms are an exaggerated sense of self-importance and grandiosity.

Question 41

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 41

dramatic–emotional personality disorder characterized by extremely impulsive, deceptive, violent, ruthless, and callous behaviors; a serious and potentially dangerous disorder.

Question 42

avoidant personality disorder

Answer 42

anxious–fearful personality disorder characterized by extreme fear of being criticized, low self-esteem, and avoidance of social interaction.

Question 43

dependent personality disorder

Answer 43

anxious–fearful personality disorder characterized by fear of being rejected and having a strong need to be cared for.

Question 44

obsessive–compulsive personality disorder

Answer 44

anxious–fearful personality disorder characterized by rigid habits and extreme perfectionism; more general than obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Question 45

Axis I

Answer 45

Disorders, clinical syndromes, tend to develop after adolescence, come and go, and are not permanent.

Question 46

Axis II

Answer 46

Disorders tend to be lifelong and relatively permanent as well as mental retardation.

Question 47

1/2

Answer 47

1/2 of adults in the us will suffer from at least one psychological disorder.

Question 48

24%

Answer 48

24% of Iraqi war veteran developed PTSD

Question 49

High in neuroticism

Answer 49

People more likely to develop anxiety are high in neuroticism

Question 50

Brodmann’s area

Answer 50

Hyperactive in depressed people with Parkinson’s disease, depressed people with Alzheimer’s disease, as well as individuals with epilepsy or Huntington disease.