Theraputic Communication Flashcards
Interpersonal Communication
One on one interaction between a nurse and another person that often occurs face-to-face
Transpersonal communication
Interaction that occurs within a person’s spiritual domain
Small group communication
Interaction that occurs when a small number of persons meet. Usually goal directed and requires an understanding of group dynamics
Public communication
Is an interaction with an audience. Requires special adaptions and I contacts, gestures, voice inflection, the use of media materials to communicate messages effectively. Used to increase audience knowledge.
Referent in the communication process
Motivates one person to communicate with another. In healthcare setting sights, sounds, odors, time schedules, messages, objects, emotions, sensations, perceptions, ideas, and other cues initiate communication
Sender in the communication process
The person who encodes and delivers the message. Puts ideas or feelings into a form that is transmitted and is responsible for the accuracy of its content and emotional tone.
Receiver in the communication process
The person who receives and decodes the message.
Message in the communication process
The content of the communication. It contains verbal, nonverbal, and symbolic language.
Channels in the communication process
Means of conveying in receiving messages through visual, auditory, and tactile senses. Individuals usually understand a message more clearly when the sender uses more channels to convey it.
Feedback in the communication process
The message the receiver returns. It indicates whether the receiver understood the meaning of the senders message.
Interpersonal variables in the communication process
Factors within both the sender and the receiver that influence communication. Perception, education, developmental levels, socio-cultural background, values, beliefs, emotions, gender, physical health status, roles and relationship, pain, anxiety, medication
Environment in communication process
The setting for sender – receiver interaction
Verbal communication
Uses spoken or written words.
- Vocabulary – same language, subcultural variation, limit medical jargon, use children’s vocabulary.
- Denotative and Connotative meaning-carefully select words avoiding easily misinterpreted words.
- Pacing-speak slowly and enunciate clearly.
- Intonation-Tone of voice
- Clarity and Brevity-simple, briefs, direct.
- Timing and Relevance-Messages are more effective if they are relevant to the situation
Nonverbal communication
Includes the five senses and everything that does not involve the spoken or written word.
- Personal appearance
- Posture
- Facial expression
- Eye contact
- Gestures
- Sounds
- Personal space
Symbolic communication
The verbal and nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey meaning. Art and music are forms of symbolic communication.
Metacommunication
A broad term that refers to all factors that influence communication
Nurse – patient helping relationship
Nurse establishes, direct, and takes responsibility for the interaction in the patients needs.
- Pre-initiation phase-before meeting patient review chart, get report, anticipate needs.
- Orientation phase – nurse and patient meet and get to know each other, assess patient, Tell your roles, observe patient.
- working phase – nurse and patient work together to solve problems, provide information, encourage and help patient set goals, their pubic communication.
- Termination phase – ending of the relationship, evaluate, reminisce, achieve smooth transition for patient to other caregiver.
Lateral violence
Between colleagues includes behavior such as withholding information, backbiting, making snide remark’s, and nonverbal expression of disapproval. Leads to job dissatisfaction, Poor retention of qualified nurses, poor teamwork, jeopardize patient safety
Factors influencing communication
Physical and emotional, developmental, cultural, gender, internal, relationship, reason for communication, environment
Therapeutic communication techniques
Specific responses that encourage the expression of feelings and ideas and convey acceptance and respect. Active listening – S – sit facing the patient, O-observe an open posture, L-lean towards patient, E- eye contact, R-relax. Shearing observations Sharing empathy – ability to understand Sharing help Sharing humor Sharing feelings Using touch Using silence Providing information Clarifying Focusing Paraphrasing Asking relevant questions Summarizing Self disclosure Confrontation
Non-therapeutic communication techniques
Asking personal questions Giving personal opinions Changing the subject Automatic response-stereotypes False reassurance Sympathy – concern, sorrow, pity Asking for an explanation Approval or disapproval Defensive response Passive or aggressive response Arguing
Auditory
Relating to the sense of hearing
Congruence
Agreement or harmony, compatibility
Dysarthria
Difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal
Intimate distance
0 to 18 inches, for holding baby, physical assessment, bathing, feeding, toileting, changing the dressing
Intonation
The rise and fall of the voice in speaking
Personal distance
18 inches to 4 feet, sitting at patients bedside, getting patient history, teaching patient, giving report
Process recording
Tool used in nursing to help the students examine the interaction with the patient
Social distance
4 to 12 feet, making rounds, teaching class, conducting support group
Territoriality
Nonverbal communication that refers to how people use space to communicate ownership or occupancy of area and possession
Intrapersonal communication
Occurs within the individual. Also called self talk. Peoples thoughts strongly influence perception, feelings, behavior, and self-concept
