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4th yr- CMS- Pharmacology and drugs > THERAPEUTICS & DENTAL PRACTICE > Flashcards

THERAPEUTICS & DENTAL PRACTICE Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is polypharmacy

A

Taking multiple drugs

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2
Q

Give some prescription problems the NHS suffers from

A
  1. 10-20% of prescription drugs are never used
  2. 1/3-1/2 drugs used incorrectly
  3. In care homes £50 million of medicine is disposed of
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3
Q

List some barriers to optimal medication use

A
  1. Professional barrier
  2. Practicality
  3. Lack of Information
  4. Lifestyle choices
  5. Beliefs about medicine
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4
Q

What professional barriers may lead to in optimal medication use

A

Inappropriate prescribing

Mistakes in dispensing

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5
Q

What practical barriers may lead to in optimal medication use

A
  1. Forgetfulness

2. Inability to open containers

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6
Q

How can we improve patient concordance and satisfaction

A

By addressing patients beliefs, ideas and concerns

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7
Q

What facts must we know about the patient before prescribing drugs

A
  1. Identify, address, age and weight
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Past medical history
  4. Current medication
  5. Allergy/sensitivity/ tolerability history
  6. Curent condition
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8
Q

What facts must we know about the drug before prescribing them

A 
1. Generic and propriety 
2 Therapeutic effect and mode of action 
3. Dose
4. Frequency 
5. Route of administration 
6. Formulation
7Side effects, interactions and contra indications
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9
Q

How must we write our prescription

A
  1. Block capitals
  2. Clear instructions for use of each drug
  3. Score through blank spaces
  4. Get patient to sign at back and tick if they are exempt
  5. BLACK INK
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10
Q

How long does a prescription last before it expires

A

6 months

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11
Q

What Is concordance

A

The prescriber and patient should both agree on the health outcomes the patient desires and the strategy for achieving them

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12
Q

What is compliance

A

The extent to which a patients behaviour matches the prescribers recommendations

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13
Q

What is adherence

A

The extent to which the patients behaviour matches agreed recommendations from the prescriber

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14
Q

What steps are taken before a patient is given a drug

A
  1. Registered practitioner completes a prescription
  2. Patient takes script to a pharmacy for dispensing
  3. Pharmacist check the drug and can seek extra clarification from practitioner before dispensing
  4. Drug given to patient (dispensed)
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15
Q

What can happen if a patient doesn’t take their medication as prescribed

A

Consequences are wide reaching and include:

  1. continued ill health,
  2. worsened quality of life (QOL),
  3. reduced life expectancy,
  4. avoidable healthcare cost,
  5. economic loss to society
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16
Q

What information about the drug must be written on the prescription

A
  1. NAME in generic form
  2. Strength
  3. Formulation
  4. Quantity
  5. Route of administration
  6. Frequency
  7. Number of days worth of medication required
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17
Q

What does the abbreviation Mome mean

A

In the morning

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18
Q

What does the abbreviation Nochte mean

A

At night

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19
Q

What does the abbreviation OD (omni die)

A

Once a day

20
Q

What does the abbreviation BD (bis die) mean

A

Twice daily

21
Q

What does the abbreviation TDS

A

To be taken three times daily

22
Q

What does the abbreviation TIDS mean

A

Three times daily

23
Q

What does the abbreviation QDS mean

A

To be taken 4 times daily

24
Q

What does the abbreviation QID mean

A

4 times a day

25
Q

What does the abbreviation PRN mean

A

As the need arises

26
Q

What does the abbreviation SOS mean

A

If necessary/ required

27
Q

What does the abbreviation STAT

A

Immediately

28
Q

What does the abbreviation AC mean

A

Before meals

29
Q

What does the abbreviation BC mean

A

After meal

30
Q

What does the abbreviation PO mean

A

By mouth

31
Q

What are controlled drug prescription

A

Prescriptions of drugs of potential misuse and abuse

32
Q

What are the extra requirements on controlled drug prescriptions

A
  1. Either the total quantity in both words and figures OR the number in both words and figures of dosage units is required
  2. The words ‘for dental treatment only’ if issued by dentist must be added
33
Q

What considerations do we need to take before prescribing a drug

A
  1. Risk/ benefit analysis
  2. Age/ weight of patient
  3. Drug interactions
  4. Hepatic and or renal impairment
  5. Pregnancy
  6. Breast feeding
  7. Correct dosing
  8. Correct dispensing
  9. Check for patient intolerances
  10. Excipients
34
Q

How many people are affected by a very common side effect

A

> 1 in 10

35
Q

How many people are affected by a common side effect

A

1 in 100 or 1 in 10

36
Q

How many people are affected by a less common side effect

A

1 in 1000 or 1 in 100

37
Q

How many people are affected by a rare side effect

A

1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1000

38
Q

How many people are affected by a very rare side effect

A

less than 1 in 10,000

39
Q

How much do patient who have to pay for prescription pay

A

£9.15 per item

40
Q

How many people in the uk pay for prescription

A

12%

41
Q

What are complementary and alternative medicines

A

A diverse group of health related therapies and disciplines which are considered to be part of a mainstream medical care

42
Q

What is another term for complementary and alternative medicines

A
  1. Natural medicine
  2. Non conventional medicine
  3. Holistic medicine
43
Q

How are complementary and alternative medicines categorised

A

In 3 group

44
Q

What do group 1 complementary and alternative medicines include

A
  1. Osteopathy and chiropractics

2. Acupuncture, herbal medicine and homeopathy

45
Q

What do group 2 complementary and alternative medicines include

A
  1. Therapies often used to compliment conventional medicine
  2. Aromatherpy, wody work therapy
  3. Massage
  4. Counselling and stress therapy z
46
Q

What do group 3 complementary and alternative medicines include

A

Other eg

  1. Ayurvedic medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine
  2. Crystal therapy, Iridology, Radionics, Dowsing and Kinesiology

4th yr- CMS- Pharmacology and drugs (7 decks)

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